CAJ | 학술논문

采用PCR产物直接测序的方法,对39只东乡绿壳蛋鸡(♂19、♀20)的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区进行遗传多态性分析；并与9个国内其他地方乌鸡种的209个个体进行序列比对和进化分析.结果显示：东乡绿壳蛋鸡mtDNA控制区534 bp序列的G＋C含量为43.1％；序列共存在21个变异位点,其中转换占71.4％(15/21)、颠换占28.6％(6/21)；核苷酸多样度为0.00829±0.00130.分析10个乌鸡种的248个个体共获得73种单倍型,其中东乡绿壳蛋鸡含9种单倍型,单倍型多样度为0.773±0.048.品种间进化分歧显示：东乡绿壳蛋鸡与同处江西省的泰和丝羽乌骨鸡遗传距离最近(0.009)；湖北省的郧县乌骨鸡与云南省的盐津乌骨鸡、腾冲雪鸡距离最远(0.019、0.020).结合邻接系统发生树发现,国内10个乌鸡种群体共可归纳出6大分支起源,其中,与红色原鸡( Gallus gallus spadiceus)亚种同源的B分支包含的个体数最多(77/248,31.0％),A分支其次(69/248,27.8％)；东乡绿壳蛋鸡含3个分支,A分支最多(25/39,64.1％).本研究表明,东乡绿壳蛋鸡的遗传多态性呈中等；同时,国内各地方乌鸡种之间存在较为明显的地域关联性,而其母系来源则各有偏重.
채용PCR산물직접측서적방법,대39지동향록각단계(♂19、♀20)적선립체DNA(mtDNA)공제구진행유전다태성분석；병여9개국내기타지방오계충적209개개체진행서렬비대화진화분석.결과현시：동향록각단계mtDNA공제구534 bp서렬적G＋C함량위43.1％；서렬공존재21개변이위점,기중전환점71.4％(15/21)、전환점28.6％(6/21)；핵감산다양도위0.00829±0.00130.분석10개오계충적248개개체공획득73충단배형,기중동향록각단계함9충단배형,단배형다양도위0.773±0.048.품충간진화분기현시：동향록각단계여동처강서성적태화사우오골계유전거리최근(0.009)；호북성적운현오골계여운남성적염진오골계、등충설계거리최원(0.019、0.020).결합린접계통발생수발현,국내10개오계충군체공가귀납출6대분지기원,기중,여홍색원계( Gallus gallus spadiceus)아충동원적B분지포함적개체수최다(77/248,31.0％),A분지기차(69/248,27.8％)；동향록각단계함3개분지,A분지최다(25/39,64.1％).본연구표명,동향록각단계적유전다태성정중등；동시,국내각지방오계충지간존재교위명현적지역관련성,이기모계래원칙각유편중.
Wugu chicken is a marvel of traditional Chinese poultry breeds and is characterized by black skin and bones , and grayish-black meat . There are nearly 17 species of Wugu chicken , not including breeds with partially black skin and bones , recorded in A nimal Genetic Resources in China published by the China National Commission of Animal Genetic Resources . Among these breeds , the Dongxiang blue-eggshell chicken was originally bred in Dongxiang County , Jiangxi Province , China . This breed is characterized by black feathers and most of the crest , beak , skin , muscle , bone , shins , and its toes are also black . The unique characteristic of the Dongxiang chicken is a blue eggshell . Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) analysis has become an effective method to explore genetic relation among populations because of its low molecular mass , simple structure , rapid evolutionary rate , maternal inheritance , and non-tissue specification , among other features . The aim of the present study was to analyze mtDNA control region polymorphisms and evolution in conservative groups of Dongxiang blue-eggshell chickens in comparison to other domestic Wugu breeds to better elucidate the genetic structure of Dongxiang chickens to further develop conservation and exploitation programs . Blood samples were collected from 39 ( 19 cocks and 20 hens) eleventh generation Dongxiang blue-eggshell conservative chickens and DNA was extracted and then PCR-amplified and the products were sequenced . Nine other samples from domestic Wugu chicken breeds bred by our team or collected from the NCBI database were used for nucleotide sequence analysis . All breeds used in this study were recorded in A nimal Genetic Resources in China and all collected data were analyzed using DNASTAR 5 .0 , DNASP 5 .10 , and MEGA 5 .10 softwares . The results showed that the 534 bp mtDNA control region sequence of the Dongxiang blue-eggshell chicken had a G+C content of 43 .1% and included 21 variable sites , of which 71.4% (15 /21 ) were transitional and 28.6%(7/21) were transversional . The nucleotide diversity was 0.008 29 ± 0.001 30 . There were 73 haplotypes found in 248 samples from 10 Wugu chicken breeds . The Dongxiang blue-eggshell chicken had nine haplotypes with a diversity of 0.773 ± 0.048 . Estimates of evolutionary divergence between breeds showed that the Dongxiang blueeggshell chicken was genetically closest ( 0.009 ) to the Taihe silky chicken ,which was also originally bred in Jiangxi Province . Yunxian Wugu chicken originally bred in Hubei Province had the farthest genetic distance ( 0.019 ,0.020) from Yanjin Wugu and Tengchong snow chickens originally bred in Yunnan Province . A neighbor-joining phylogeny tree revealed six original clades among 10 domestic Wugu chicken breeds .Clade B included Gallus gallus sp adiceus subspecies and had the largest number of samples ( 31.0% , 77/248) , followed by clade A(27.8% ,69 /248) . The Dongxiang blue-eggshell chicken was closely related to three clades , of which clade A was the largest (64.1% ,25 /39) . It is concluded that the Dongxiang blue-eggshell chicken is moderately genetically diverse and there is an apparent geographical association between domestic Wugu chicken breeds and their maternal origins , although each had individual characteristics .