CAJ | 학술논문

选取4只2岁左右、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的小尾寒羊公羊,采用2×2交叉试验设计,喂给精粗比为28∶72的碎粉(对照)或颗粒玉米秸秆日粮,在饲喂后0,1．5,3．0,5．0,7．0,10．0 h 采取瘤胃液样品分析,并进行整体消化代谢试验,以研究饲喂秸秆颗粒日粮对绵羊采食和消化代谢的影响.结果表明,饲喂颗粒日粮时,绵羊的干物质采食量增加34．9％(P ＜0．01)；瘤胃液氨态氮和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)平均浓度分别降低11．6％(P ＞0．05)和8．7％(P ＞0．05)；瘤胃液原虫数量减少10．0％(P ＜0．05)；瘤胃液细菌总数增加9．9％(P ＜0．01)；真菌拷贝数增加2．9％(P ＞0．05)；瘤胃液体积增加22．7％(P ＜0．01),后送率提高18．4％(P ＜0．01).饲喂颗粒日粮时绵羊有机物、粗蛋白和纤维素的表观消化率分别降低11．5％(P ＜0．01),5．1％(P ＜0．05),9．9％(P ＜0．05),但有机物、粗蛋白和纤维素的消化量却分别增加21．1％(P ＜0．01),29．2％(P ＜0．01),17．8％(P ＜0．05).饲喂颗粒日粮时绵羊的氮、钙和磷的保留量分别增加21．5％(P ＜0．01),14．7％(P ＜0．05),18．5％(P ＜0．01).由本试验得出结论,饲喂秸秆颗粒日粮可极大地提高绵羊的自由采食量,增加绵羊的营养物质消化量,提高氮保留,但会造成日粮消化率显著降低；饲喂颗粒日粮时瘤胃液原虫数量减少,细菌总数增加,氨态氮和 TVFA 浓度有降低趋势,但由于瘤胃液体积和后送率的增加,瘤胃原虫和真菌总量均可能增加.本试验表明,饲喂秸秆颗粒日粮是改善绵羊营养代谢的有效方法.
선취4지2세좌우、장유영구성류위루관적소미한양공양,채용2×2교차시험설계,위급정조비위28∶72적쇄분(대조)혹과립옥미갈간일량,재사위후0,1．5,3．0,5．0,7．0,10．0 h 채취류위액양품분석,병진행정체소화대사시험,이연구사위갈간과립일량대면양채식화소화대사적영향.결과표명,사위과립일량시,면양적간물질채식량증가34．9％(P ＜0．01)；류위액안태담화총휘발성지방산(TVFA)평균농도분별강저11．6％(P ＞0．05)화8．7％(P ＞0．05)；류위액원충수량감소10．0％(P ＜0．05)；류위액세균총수증가9．9％(P ＜0．01)；진균고패수증가2．9％(P ＞0．05)；류위액체적증가22．7％(P ＜0．01),후송솔제고18．4％(P ＜0．01).사위과립일량시면양유궤물、조단백화섬유소적표관소화솔분별강저11．5％(P ＜0．01),5．1％(P ＜0．05),9．9％(P ＜0．05),단유궤물、조단백화섬유소적소화량각분별증가21．1％(P ＜0．01),29．2％(P ＜0．01),17．8％(P ＜0．05).사위과립일량시면양적담、개화린적보류량분별증가21．5％(P ＜0．01),14．7％(P ＜0．05),18．5％(P ＜0．01).유본시험득출결론,사위갈간과립일량가겁대지제고면양적자유채식량,증가면양적영양물질소화량,제고담보류,단회조성일량소화솔현저강저；사위과립일량시류위액원충수량감소,세균총수증가,안태담화 TVFA 농도유강저추세,단유우류위액체적화후송솔적증가,류위원충화진균총량균가능증가.본시험표명,사위갈간과립일량시개선면양영양대사적유효방법.
Four of Small Tail Han Sheep ram with permanent rumen fistula,about 2 years old,with body weight of (57.3±5.6)kg,were fed with the diets of the pelletized or ground(as control)cornstalk diets (concentrate∶roughage=28∶72).By 2×2 cross-over design,the rumen liquid was collected at 0,1.5,3.0, 5.0,7.0,and 10 h after feeding and the digestion and metabolism experiment of whole body was carried on, to study the effect of feeding pelletized cornstalk diet on the intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that by feeding pelletized diet,the voluntary intake of dry matter was increased by 34.9% (P <0.01);the NH 3 -N and TVFA of rumen fluid on average were decreased by 8.7% (P >0.05) and 1 1.6% (P >0.05)respectively;the rumen protozoa was decreased by 10.0% (P <0.05);the total bac-teria of rumen were increased by 9.9% (P <0.01);the fungi copies were increased by 2.9% (P >0.05);the volume and turnover of rumen fluid were increased by 22.7% (P <0.01)and 18.4 % (P <0.01)respec-tively.When the pelletized diet was fed,the apparent digestibility of organic matter,crude protein and cellu-lose was decreased by 1 1.5% (P <0.01),5.1% (P <0.05)and 9.9% (P <0.05)respectively,however,the digested amounts were increased by 21.1% (P <0.01 ),29.2% (P <0.01 )and 17.8% (P <0.05 )respec-tively.The nitrogen,calcium and phosphorous retentions of sheep were increased by 21.5% (P <0.01 ),14.7% (P <0.05)and 18.5% (P <0.01)respectively,compared with the ground diet.It is concluded that the feeding pelletized diet could greatly increase the voluntary intake of sheep,increase the digested amount of nutrients and the nitrogen retention of sheep,but significantly decrease the digestibility of diet;by feed-ing pelletized diet,the rumen protozoa was decreased,the total bacteria of rumen fluid was increased,and the NH 3 -N and TVFA of rumen fluid had a tendency to decrease;however,because of the increase of the volume and turnover of rumen fluid,the total amounts of protozoa and fungi were possibly increased.This experiment showed that feeding cornstalk pelletized diet may be an effective method for improving sheep nutrition.