CAJ | 학술논문

在受山地和碳酸盐岩裸露双重复杂条件影响的南方地区开展地震勘探工作，采集的地震数据质量很难达到理想效果。基于对南方复杂地形山区的地震地质特征及勘探技术难点深入分析的基础上，对地震数据采集技术与方法进行了一系列的技术攻关和对比分析：（1）综合应用多种表层调查技术进行精细表层结构调查，建立相对准确的近地表结构模型和速度模型，求准静校正量，指导井位优选和井深设计。（2）采用动态观测系统，高陡构造成像方面采用长排列大炮检距，灰岩区采用加密炮观测系统，溶洞裂隙发育地区采用宽线观测系统；（3）针对复杂多变出露多地层岩性，改善激发接收条件，根据岩性变化优选炮点点位，尽量避开溶洞和厚层纯灰岩区。灰岩区采用双深井组合激发，每道至少要两串以上检波器面积大组合接收，检波器井下接收比地面接收效果好。采用以上技术方法，对采集的地震资料进行处理和分析，地震剖面和单炮记录品质有所改善，地震反射波能量及信噪比均有所提高。
재수산지화탄산염암라로쌍중복잡조건영향적남방지구개전지진감탐공작，채집적지진수거질량흔난체도이상효과。기우대남방복잡지형산구적지진지질특정급감탐기술난점심입분석적기출상，대지진수거채집기술여방법진행료일계렬적기술공관화대비분석：（1）종합응용다충표층조사기술진행정세표층결구조사，건립상대준학적근지표결구모형화속도모형，구준정교정량，지도정위우선화정심설계。（2）채용동태관측계통，고두구조성상방면채용장배렬대포검거，회암구채용가밀포관측계통，용동렬극발육지구채용관선관측계통；（3）침대복잡다변출로다지층암성，개선격발접수조건，근거암성변화우선포점점위，진량피개용동화후층순회암구。회암구채용쌍심정조합격발，매도지소요량천이상검파기면적대조합접수，검파기정하접수비지면접수효과호。채용이상기술방법，대채집적지진자료진행처리화분석，지진부면화단포기록품질유소개선，지진반사파능량급신조비균유소제고。
The quality of seismic data collected in complicated southern area with mountains and bare carbon-ates,is hard to reach the desired effect.This paper does a series of comparative analyses about technologies and methods for seismic data acquisition based on thorough understanding of the geological characteristics and the key exploration technical difficulties of seismic.(1)Using various surface survey techniques to fulfill fine sur-face structure survey,and to set up relative accurate near-surface structure model and velocity model for compu-ting statics,choosing the best well site and designing well depth.(2)Dynamic observation system is used wide-ly in the southern complex terrain.For example,long arrangement and wide shot distance is utilized to deal with imaging of high and steep structure,observation system with increased density is employed in limestone district, and wide-line observation system is adopted in the special region with caverns and fissures.(3)The conditions of excitation and reception are improved to meet the sophisticated exploration needs of multilayer lithology with naked rocks.The position of shot is optimized to adapt the lithology changing and to avoid caverns and thick pure limestone district.Double well combined excitation is often used in the limestone district,and large com-bined reception need more than two strings of detectors per channel.Of course,the reception effect of detector in the well is better than those on the ground.Applying the above techniques and methods to processing and analyzing the collected seismic data,the quality of the seismic profiles and single shot records are improved, and both seismic reflection wave energy and SNR are all heightened.