CAJ | 학술논문

自开埠以来，澳门已是一个外向型的微型经济：它的人口仅55万人，经济活动容纳能力有限，必须依靠外来的经济力量；其资源贫乏，土地面积仅29.2平方公里，是世界上最细小也是人口密度最高的城市之一。博彩业是澳门经济的最大特色，一直带动澳门的经济发展。1847年的博彩业合法化和长期经营博彩业的经验，更使澳门成为亚洲罕有的世界著名赌城。回归前后二十年，澳门经济发展先经历了一段不稳定的时期，而在回归后十年以来迅速增长。当地的第二产业在工业北移的趋势下，已逐渐式微；第三产业，特别是博彩旅游业在赌权改革下，迅速成为经济发展的主要动力。然而，过于单一化的产业结构加上土地资源紧张、人力资源短缺和基建条件欠佳等客观条件，更限制了澳门经济的持续发展，从1997年的亚洲经济危机和2009年的环球“金融海啸”对澳门所带来的空前打击可见一斑。2009年1月，时任国家副主席习近平到访澳门时表达了中央政府“支持澳门适度多元化发展”的产业策略，以促进澳门的长期繁荣稳定。重点分析澳门回归前后二十年的产业结构变化及其博彩业的发展状况，透过两个以博彩业为核心行业的国际著名赌城：拉斯韦加斯和蒙地卡尔与澳门的综合比较，剖析澳门博彩业内部结构的特征，从而探讨如何以博彩业带动澳门产业适度多元化及可持续地发展。
자개부이래，오문이시일개외향형적미형경제：타적인구부55만인，경제활동용납능력유한，필수의고외래적경제역량；기자원빈핍，토지면적부29.2평방공리，시세계상최세소야시인구밀도최고적성시지일。박채업시오문경제적최대특색，일직대동오문적경제발전。1847년적박채업합법화화장기경영박채업적경험，경사오문성위아주한유적세계저명도성。회귀전후이십년，오문경제발전선경력료일단불은정적시기，이재회귀후십년이래신속증장。당지적제이산업재공업북이적추세하，이축점식미；제삼산업，특별시박채여유업재도권개혁하，신속성위경제발전적주요동력。연이，과우단일화적산업결구가상토지자원긴장、인력자원단결화기건조건흠가등객관조건，경한제료오문경제적지속발전，종1997년적아주경제위궤화2009년적배구“금융해소”대오문소대래적공전타격가견일반。2009년1월，시임국가부주석습근평도방오문시표체료중앙정부“지지오문괄도다원화발전”적산업책략，이촉진오문적장기번영은정。중점분석오문회귀전후이십년적산업결구변화급기박채업적발전상황，투과량개이박채업위핵심행업적국제저명도성：랍사위가사화몽지잡이여오문적종합비교，부석오문박채업내부결구적특정，종이탐토여하이박채업대동오문산업괄도다원화급가지속지발전。
since the opening of commercial ports, Macau has been an export-oriented micro-economy and one of the smallest cities with the highest population density in the world. Macau has limited natural resources:its area is only 29.2 square kilometers. Its population is only 55 million. Thus the capacity of economic activities is limited in Macau so that it highly relies on external economic forces. Gaming industry is the pillar industry of Macao. After the legalization on gaming in 1847 and based on its long-term experience on gaming business, Macau becomes a well-known casino city in the world, named as the"Oriental Monte Carlo". Macau's economy has experienced a period of instability before its handover to Mainland China in 1999, while during the first decade after its handover, it experienced a rapid growth of economy. Although the secondary industry has gradually declined due to its northward relocation trend, the tertiary industry, especially after the reform of license of gaming and tourism, has quickly become the main driving force of the economic development. However, the oversimplified industrial structure restrains the sustainable economic development of Macau. Unprecedented impacts were brought to Macau during Asian economic crisis in 1997 and the global"financial tsunami"in 2009. In January 2009 when President Xi Jinping visited Macau, he expressed supports on the development of appropriate economic diversity of Macau to promote its long-term prosperity and stability. This paper investigates the changes of industrial structure and development of the gaming industry in Macau before and after its handover to the Mainland. Based on the comprehensive comparison with Las Vegas and Monte Carlo, the two famous casino cities in the world, this paper analyzes the internal structure of the gaming industry of Macau, in order to explore how to enhance its economic diversity and sustainable development by gaming Industry.