CAJ | 학술논문

选择云南某典型锡选矿厂为研究对象，根据产污节点设置废水、粉尘、固体废弃物的采样点，通过取样、测试分析研究不同节点的重金属污染特征，应用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价其污染状况，并对重金属总量进行对比分析。结果表明：锡选矿行业产生的废水以及粉尘中的重金属元素含量明显高于其参比值，尾矿中Zn、As、Cu、Pb含量较高，平均含量分别为2225、1855、870.50、417 mg/kg，尾矿库周边表土重金属含量明显超过背景值并和尾矿中重金属污染情况基本一致。单因子指数法评价结果显示，废水中重金属污染程度由高到低依次为Zn、Pb、As、Hg、Cu(Cd、Cr6+、Sn未检出)，粉尘中重金属污染程度由大到小依次为As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Cr(Sn缺乏参比值)，尾矿库周边表土重金属污染程度由大到小依次为Zn、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Sn、Cd、Hg。内梅罗综合指数法结果表明：精矿过滤设备和粉矿仓这两个节点的重金属污染能力最高，而尾矿库周边土壤综合污染指数达到21.73，远远超过5级评价指标。重金属总量对比分析发现，研究矿区已经形成多种重金属复合污染的特征，其中重金属产生绝对量由大到小依次为Zn、As、Cu、Pb、Sn、Cr、Cd、Hg，且尾矿重金属产生量所占比例最高，达到79.17%。
선택운남모전형석선광엄위연구대상，근거산오절점설치폐수、분진、고체폐기물적채양점，통과취양、측시분석연구불동절점적중금속오염특정，응용단인자지수법화내매라종합오염지수법평개기오염상황，병대중금속총량진행대비분석。결과표명：석선광행업산생적폐수이급분진중적중금속원소함량명현고우기삼비치，미광중Zn、As、Cu、Pb함량교고，평균함량분별위2225、1855、870.50、417 mg/kg，미광고주변표토중금속함량명현초과배경치병화미광중중금속오염정황기본일치。단인자지수법평개결과현시，폐수중중금속오염정도유고도저의차위Zn、Pb、As、Hg、Cu(Cd、Cr6+、Sn미검출)，분진중중금속오염정도유대도소의차위As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Cr(Sn결핍삼비치)，미광고주변표토중금속오염정도유대도소의차위Zn、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Sn、Cd、Hg。내매라종합지수법결과표명：정광과려설비화분광창저량개절점적중금속오염능력최고，이미광고주변토양종합오염지수체도21.73，원원초과5급평개지표。중금속총량대비분석발현，연구광구이경형성다충중금속복합오염적특정，기중중금속산생절대량유대도소의차위Zn、As、Cu、Pb、Sn、Cr、Cd、Hg，차미광중금속산생량소점비례최고，체도79.17%。
In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in a typical tin mineral processing plant in Yunnan, the water, dust and tailings samples from the discharging nodes were tested by ICP-OES, and single factor pollution index method and Nemerow integrated index method were used to evaluate the status of heavy metal pollution. Finally, the heavy metal contents were analyzed for contrast. The results show that the metal contents in the water and dust samples are higher than reference values. The contents of Zn, As, Cu and Pb in the tailings samples are rich and the average values are 2225, 1855, 870.50 and 417 mg/kg, respectively. The metal contents in soils surrounding the tailings exceed the background levels and are similar to the tailings pollution status. The results of single factor pollution index method shows that the pollution degree of water is in the decreasing order of Zn, Pb, As, Hg, Cu, As, Cd, Cu, and the pollution degrees of dust and soil samples in the decreasing orders of Zn, Pb, Hg, Cr and Zn, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, Sn, Cd, Hg, respectively. The Nemerow integrated index results suggest that the pollution degrees of concentrate filtration and fine ore bin are the highest. The Nemerow integrated index of soil samples is 21.73, which is significantly higher than the standard value of surface water classⅣ. The comparative analysis shows that the tin mineral processing plant becomes a combined polluted area by various metals, and the amount of heavy metals is in the decreasing order of Zn, As, Cu, Pb, Sn, Cr, Cd and Hg, and the ratio of heavy metals from tailings is 79.17%, which accounts for the most.