CAJ | 학술논문

应用气孔观测法和染色体计数法,开展秋水仙素诱导后的太子参各株系染色体倍性鉴定.结果表明：太子参同源四倍体植株的气孔长度48-60μm,保卫细胞的叶绿体数量24-38个,染色体为2n=4x=64;二倍体植株的气孔长度36-44μm,保卫细胞的叶绿体数量12-22个,染色体为2n=2x=32.太子参四倍体植株的气孔长度明显比二倍体的长,四倍体的保卫细胞叶绿体数目大约是二倍体的两倍.对52个太子参株系的倍性鉴定显示植株成熟叶片下表皮气孔的大小及保卫细胞叶绿体的数量与其染色体数目形成准确的对应关系,气孔观测法可作为鉴别太子参四倍体与二倍体的简便方法,再用染色体计数法,能进一步确定其染色体倍性.
응용기공관측법화염색체계수법,개전추수선소유도후적태자삼각주계염색체배성감정.결과표명：태자삼동원사배체식주적기공장도48-60μm,보위세포적협록체수량24-38개,염색체위2n=4x=64;이배체식주적기공장도36-44μm,보위세포적협록체수량12-22개,염색체위2n=2x=32.태자삼사배체식주적기공장도명현비이배체적장,사배체적보위세포협록체수목대약시이배체적량배.대52개태자삼주계적배성감정현시식주성숙협편하표피기공적대소급보위세포협록체적수량여기염색체수목형성준학적대응관계,기공관측법가작위감별태자삼사배체여이배체적간편방법,재용염색체계수법,능진일보학정기염색체배성.
Using methods of stoma observation and chromosome counting,identified the chromosome ploidy of Pseudostellaria heterophylla after the induction by colchicines.The results showed that the autotetraploid plants had 48-60 μm stomata length,24-38 chloroplast number in stomata guard cell and 2n=4x=64 chromosome number;The diploid plants had 36-44 μm stomata length,12-22 chloroplast number in stomata guard cell and 2n=2x=32 chromosome number.Compared with diploid,autotetraploid showed characteristics of larger stomata and about two times chloroplast number in stomata guard cell.The results of 52 Pseudostellaria lines ploidy identification indicated that accurate corresponding relationship was formed between stomata size in mature leaf lower epidermis and chloroplast number in guard cell and chromosome number of plant.The stomatal observation method is a simple method to identifiy autotetraploid or diploid of Pseudostellaria,the chromosome counting method can further define its chromosome ploidy.