CAJ | 학술논문

法医学是应用病理学、生物学、生物化学和其他医学科学理论和技能解决法律问题,为侦查和审判提供证据的科学。法医学学科属性是医学,其目的是解决法律问题,因而法医学同时具有自然科学和人文科学属性。现今,我们对于法医学的研究往往局限在自然科学领域,而对其人文学科属性却有所忽视。当代西方法医学起源自中世纪的欧洲大陆,当时罗马法和教会法占统治地位,它们没有设立陪审团制度,而且允许对嫌疑人进行刑讯逼供,而英美法系的司法审判程序设立了陪审团制度。在这两种司法体制下,法医医学证言、证词逐步形成了两种形式：英美法系控诉式诉讼体制下的言辞证据形式和罗马法诉讼中纠问体制下的书证形式。本文将对中世纪欧洲的法医学进行溯源研究,从欧洲法医学的起源和发展角度,完善法医学史研究内容,为世界法医学史比较研究提供借鉴。
법의학시응용병이학、생물학、생물화학화기타의학과학이론화기능해결법률문제,위정사화심판제공증거적과학。법의학학과속성시의학,기목적시해결법률문제,인이법의학동시구유자연과학화인문과학속성。현금,아문대우법의학적연구왕왕국한재자연과학영역,이대기인문학과속성각유소홀시。당대서방법의학기원자중세기적구주대륙,당시라마법화교회법점통치지위,타문몰유설립배심단제도,이차윤허대혐의인진행형신핍공,이영미법계적사법심판정서설립료배심단제도。재저량충사법체제하,법의의학증언、증사축보형성료량충형식：영미법계공소식소송체제하적언사증거형식화라마법소송중규문체제하적서증형식。본문장대중세기구주적법의학진행소원연구,종구주법의학적기원화발전각도,완선법의학사연구내용,위세계법의학사비교연구제공차감。
Forensic medicine is a science used to solve legal problems and provide evidences for investiga- tions and trials by applying the scientific theories and technologies of pathology, physiology, biochemistry and other medicine subjects. The nature of forensic medicine is medicine and its aim is to solve legal issues, therefore, it has characteristics of both natural science and humane science. Nowadays, we always focus on medical theory or technique in forensic medicine research, but neglect its function to satisfy legal requirements. The origins of west- ern forensic medicine lie on the medieval European continent where the Roman and canon law remained domi- nant, which excluded the jury system and allowed the use of torture on suspects. To contrast, the Anglo-American trial practice allows the jury system. This article reviews the legal inheritance of common law and the jury＇ s im- portance. Under the two systems, the forensic testimony gradually took shape in two forms of evidence：oral testi- mony under the accusatory common law and the written testimony under the inquisitorial Roman law. This article wishes to better improve forensic history research eventually and provide data for comparative study in the foren- sic history of the world.