农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
1期
40-46
,共7页
农业机械%喷雾%优化%稳态燃烧器%烟化效果%热力雾化%喷管%药喷头
農業機械%噴霧%優化%穩態燃燒器%煙化效果%熱力霧化%噴管%藥噴頭
농업궤계%분무%우화%은태연소기%연화효과%열력무화%분관%약분두
agricultural machinery%spraying%optimization%steady combustor%atomizing effect%thermal atomizing%exhausted tube%atomizer
以稳态燃烧器为热动力的车载式烟雾机针对农林业病虫害防治具有防治效率高、用药量少、防治成本低等突出优点，烟化管结构参数是影响油溶剂农药能否有效烟化的关键因素。该文设定3种药喷头类型、6个喷头放置位置、3种喷头结构参数以及3个不同直径的双层喷管，分别进行烟化效果试验及分析。结果表明环形喷头烟化效果最好，圆锥形喷头和圆柱形实心锥喷头则出现喷管出口滴液及烟雾中存在明火等烟化不良问题，圆锥形喷头烟化效果好于圆柱形喷头；热雾剂在Φ70 mm喷管内能完全烟化，烟雾雾滴均匀细小，而Φ90和Φ110 mm 2种喷管则会产生较小烟雾和较大雾滴2个分布区，烟化效果不良；环形喷头置于喷管内距喷管喷口250～350 mm的范围内，可获得较好的烟化效果；环形喷头的结构参数如药液出口方向、喷药孔径和孔数对热雾剂的烟化效果影响非常小，均能使热雾剂得到完全烟化。说明药喷头类型和喷管直径是影响稳态燃烧烟雾机烟化效果的关键因素，喷头放置位置是影响的主要因素，而环形喷头结构参数是影响的次要因素。
以穩態燃燒器為熱動力的車載式煙霧機針對農林業病蟲害防治具有防治效率高、用藥量少、防治成本低等突齣優點，煙化管結構參數是影響油溶劑農藥能否有效煙化的關鍵因素。該文設定3種藥噴頭類型、6箇噴頭放置位置、3種噴頭結構參數以及3箇不同直徑的雙層噴管，分彆進行煙化效果試驗及分析。結果錶明環形噴頭煙化效果最好，圓錐形噴頭和圓柱形實心錐噴頭則齣現噴管齣口滴液及煙霧中存在明火等煙化不良問題，圓錐形噴頭煙化效果好于圓柱形噴頭；熱霧劑在Φ70 mm噴管內能完全煙化，煙霧霧滴均勻細小，而Φ90和Φ110 mm 2種噴管則會產生較小煙霧和較大霧滴2箇分佈區，煙化效果不良；環形噴頭置于噴管內距噴管噴口250～350 mm的範圍內，可穫得較好的煙化效果；環形噴頭的結構參數如藥液齣口方嚮、噴藥孔徑和孔數對熱霧劑的煙化效果影響非常小，均能使熱霧劑得到完全煙化。說明藥噴頭類型和噴管直徑是影響穩態燃燒煙霧機煙化效果的關鍵因素，噴頭放置位置是影響的主要因素，而環形噴頭結構參數是影響的次要因素。
이은태연소기위열동력적차재식연무궤침대농임업병충해방치구유방치효솔고、용약량소、방치성본저등돌출우점，연화관결구삼수시영향유용제농약능부유효연화적관건인소。해문설정3충약분두류형、6개분두방치위치、3충분두결구삼수이급3개불동직경적쌍층분관，분별진행연화효과시험급분석。결과표명배형분두연화효과최호，원추형분두화원주형실심추분두칙출현분관출구적액급연무중존재명화등연화불량문제，원추형분두연화효과호우원주형분두；열무제재Φ70 mm분관내능완전연화，연무무적균균세소，이Φ90화Φ110 mm 2충분관칙회산생교소연무화교대무적2개분포구，연화효과불량；배형분두치우분관내거분관분구250～350 mm적범위내，가획득교호적연화효과；배형분두적결구삼수여약액출구방향、분약공경화공수대열무제적연화효과영향비상소，균능사열무제득도완전연화。설명약분두류형화분관직경시영향은태연소연무궤연화효과적관건인소，분두방치위치시영향적주요인소，이배형분두결구삼수시영향적차요인소。
Features of a truck-mounted fogger powered with a steady combustor are high efficiency, low usage, and low cost in control of forestry pest insects and diseases. The structure parameters of its exhausted tube are the key factors to affect oil solvent insecticide to atomize thermodynamically. We studied 3 types of atomizers:ring atomizer, coniform atomizer and column atomizer; 6 location points for the ring atomizer placed inner of the exhausted tube from 250 to 500 mm away from the exit of the exhausted tube;3 structure parameters of a ring atomizer as jet flow direction of the orifices, orifice number and diameter; 3 jet flow directions as parallel to airflow, to center of pesticide ring and at 45° to airflow direction;3 different diameters of exhausted-tubes asΦ70,Φ90, andΦ110 mm, which the experiment for atomizing effect was done respectively. The results showed that the ring atomizer was most effective in thermal atomizing;there were the defect phenomena with a coniform atomizer or a column atomizer, such as dropping liquid at the exit of the exhaust tube and combusting flame in the fog. However, the atomizing effect with the coniform atomizer was better than that of the column atomizer. The thermal fogging concentrate can atomize completely to uniform, fine droplets whose size distribution was in a narrow range of 4-6μm, when the ring atomizer was positioned inner aΦ70 mm exhaust tube and in the range of 250-350 mm away from the exit of the exhaust tube. With theΦ90 mm orΦ110 mm exhausted tube, there were two droplet distribution regions:4-7μm for the fine droplet group whose volume ratio to total droplet volume was less than 16%, and 7-226 μm for the coarse droplet group,. The vast majority of coarse droplets could not be completely atomized thermodynamically. The relative span of droplet was only 0.18μm for theΦ70 mm exhaust tube, but were much higher (2.48 and 2.65μm) for the Φ90 and Φ110 mm exhaust tubes respectively. The parameters for a ring atomizer, such as the diameter, number and jet flow direction of the orifices basically did not affect the thermal atomizing performance. Thus, in the process of thermal atomizing for hot fogging concentrate, atomizer type, the exhaust tube diameter, and the position of the atomizer were the main factors influencing the performance of a thermal atomizer.
