海洋科学
海洋科學
해양과학
MARINE SCIENCES
2013年
10期
39-46
,共8页
郑凤英%韩晓弟%张伟%金艳梅%赵宏
鄭鳳英%韓曉弟%張偉%金豔梅%趙宏
정봉영%한효제%장위%금염매%조굉
大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)%形态%生长%发育
大葉藻(Zostera marina L.)%形態%生長%髮育
대협조(Zostera marina L.)%형태%생장%발육
Zostera marina L.%morphology%growth%development
对威海双岛湾大叶藻的形态及生长发育特征进行了实地观察和精细解剖研究。结果表明,大叶藻的形态特征主要表现为:营养枝具4~8片叶,互生,具管状叶鞘,叶片线型;根状茎匍匐于底泥;每节生两簇不定根;雌雄同株异花,佛焰苞花序,两雄一雌单性无花被花交互排列于花序轴两侧,花粉胶质丝状;瘦果。其主要生长发育特征表现为:叶和节间的基部具有分生组织,叶和节间生长主要体现为基部的生长;腋芽的发育具有明显的窗口期;先出叶先于侧枝萌发;实生苗或克隆分株的端枝经过近一年的生长分化为成生殖枝,开化结果后即死亡;同一花序内的雌花先于雄花开放,水中受精,果实败育率较高。大叶藻营养、生殖器官形态结构的特化和它们生长发育的时序优化充分体现了该种对海洋水生环境的高度适应性。
對威海雙島灣大葉藻的形態及生長髮育特徵進行瞭實地觀察和精細解剖研究。結果錶明,大葉藻的形態特徵主要錶現為:營養枝具4~8片葉,互生,具管狀葉鞘,葉片線型;根狀莖匍匐于底泥;每節生兩簇不定根;雌雄同株異花,彿燄苞花序,兩雄一雌單性無花被花交互排列于花序軸兩側,花粉膠質絲狀;瘦果。其主要生長髮育特徵錶現為:葉和節間的基部具有分生組織,葉和節間生長主要體現為基部的生長;腋芽的髮育具有明顯的窗口期;先齣葉先于側枝萌髮;實生苗或剋隆分株的耑枝經過近一年的生長分化為成生殖枝,開化結果後即死亡;同一花序內的雌花先于雄花開放,水中受精,果實敗育率較高。大葉藻營養、生殖器官形態結構的特化和它們生長髮育的時序優化充分體現瞭該種對海洋水生環境的高度適應性。
대위해쌍도만대협조적형태급생장발육특정진행료실지관찰화정세해부연구。결과표명,대협조적형태특정주요표현위:영양지구4~8편협,호생,구관상협초,협편선형;근상경포복우저니;매절생량족불정근;자웅동주이화,불염포화서,량웅일자단성무화피화교호배렬우화서축량측,화분효질사상;수과。기주요생장발육특정표현위:협화절간적기부구유분생조직,협화절간생장주요체현위기부적생장;액아적발육구유명현적창구기;선출협선우측지맹발;실생묘혹극륭분주적단지경과근일년적생장분화위성생식지,개화결과후즉사망;동일화서내적자화선우웅화개방,수중수정,과실패육솔교고。대협조영양、생식기관형태결구적특화화타문생장발육적시서우화충분체현료해충대해양수생배경적고도괄응성。
The morphology, growth and development of Zostera marina L. in Shangdao Bay, Weihai, China were analyzed through survey and dissection. The morphological characteristics of Zostera marina L are: vegetative shoots with 4~8 leaves, alternate, tubular sheath, linear blade, rhizomes creeping in sediment, rhizomes creeping with elongated internodes, membranous, two cluster fibrous roots, monoecism, spathe inflorescence, two male and one female flowers arranged in two sides of inflorescence axis alternately, jelly filamentous pollen, achene. The morphological characteristics are as follows:meristem exists at the base of the leaves and internodal and its growth contributes to growth of leaf and internode. There is a window phase in axillary bud germination. Prophylls develop and grow faster than lateral shoots surrounded by them. Generative shoots are diverged from terminal vegetative shoots after one year vegetative growth and die after seeds mature. Female flowers blossom before male ones in the same spathe and fertilization takes place in seawater. The morphology and structure of Z. marina L. are specified to be suitable under submarine conditions and their development and growth sequence is also adaptable to this.