当代化工
噹代化工
당대화공
CONTEMPORARY CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
2014年
9期
1809-1812
,共4页
稠油%高粘%实质%输送%方法
稠油%高粘%實質%輸送%方法
주유%고점%실질%수송%방법
Heavy crude oil%High viscosity%Nature%Pipeline%Process
高粘的稠油使得输送成为管道从业者的一个难题，尤其是发生凝管事故后的再启动问题。对稠油高粘的实质迚行研究发现，决定稠油粘度的实质为原油体系中沥青质分子和非沥青质分子相互作用所形成的大分子胶束聚集体所致。国内外稠油输送方法有加热法、裂解降粘法、掺稀输送法、添加改性剂法、低粘液环输送法、微生物法、超声波法和超临界CO2输送法。各方法各具优缺点，没有一种方法适用于所有稠油，另外还需要考虑经济性问题。目前国内最常用的输送方法为加热法和掺稀法。在实际中，针对不同稠油要迚行一定的技术分析和研究才能决定选择何种输送技术。
高粘的稠油使得輸送成為管道從業者的一箇難題，尤其是髮生凝管事故後的再啟動問題。對稠油高粘的實質迚行研究髮現，決定稠油粘度的實質為原油體繫中瀝青質分子和非瀝青質分子相互作用所形成的大分子膠束聚集體所緻。國內外稠油輸送方法有加熱法、裂解降粘法、摻稀輸送法、添加改性劑法、低粘液環輸送法、微生物法、超聲波法和超臨界CO2輸送法。各方法各具優缺點，沒有一種方法適用于所有稠油，另外還需要攷慮經濟性問題。目前國內最常用的輸送方法為加熱法和摻稀法。在實際中，針對不同稠油要迚行一定的技術分析和研究纔能決定選擇何種輸送技術。
고점적주유사득수송성위관도종업자적일개난제，우기시발생응관사고후적재계동문제。대주유고점적실질중행연구발현，결정주유점도적실질위원유체계중력청질분자화비력청질분자상호작용소형성적대분자효속취집체소치。국내외주유수송방법유가열법、렬해강점법、참희수송법、첨가개성제법、저점액배수송법、미생물법、초성파법화초림계CO2수송법。각방법각구우결점，몰유일충방법괄용우소유주유，령외환수요고필경제성문제。목전국내최상용적수송방법위가열법화참희법。재실제중，침대불동주유요중행일정적기술분석화연구재능결정선택하충수송기술。
The pipeline transportation of heavy crude oil with high viscosity has become a difficult problem to operators of pipelines, especially restarting of the pipeline transportation after the pipeline congelation accident. Through research on properties of heavy crude, it’s concluded that the high viscosity of heavy crude depends on macromolecule micelles aggregates formed by interaction between asphaltene molecules and non-asphaltene molecules in the system of crude oil. There are some pipeline processes at home and abroad, such as heating, pyrolytic decomposition, blending method, adding modifiers, ultrasonic method, microbiological process and supercritical CO2 transport method. Every method has its advantages and disadvantages, and none can fit all kinds of heavy crude oil. At present, heating and blending methods are the most common at home and abroad. In the practical condition, the most suitable process should be chosen based on analysis and research on the heavy crude oil.
