CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解土源性线虫病国家级监测点土壤中蛔虫卵污染情况，为制定防治对策及评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法根据《全国土源性线虫病监测方案（试行）》要求，在22个土源性线虫病国家级监测点中，每年每监测点随机抽取10户居民，分别采集菜园、厕所周边、庭院及厨房的土样，采用改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮检查法分离土壤蛔虫卵，并鉴别受精和未受精蛔虫卵，鉴定受精蛔虫卵的死活。另外，对土源性线虫病国家级监测点土壤中蛔虫卵监测工作进行SWOT分析。结果2006-2010年，22个土源性线虫病监测点共监测1090户，土壤中蛔虫卵总检出率为30.73%，未受精蛔虫卵、受精蛔虫卵和活受精蛔虫卵的总检出率分别为13.21%、26.42%和20.28%，菜园、厕所周边、庭院和厨房土壤蛔虫卵的总检出率分别为16.51%、13.49%、14.22%和10.73%。SWOT分析表明，监测点土壤蛔虫卵监测工作存在优势和劣势，同时面临机会与挑战。结论部分土源性线虫病国家级监测点土壤蛔虫卵污染情况仍十分严重，应加强粪便无害化处理、改水改厕、改造环境等措施，以保护人群免受感染。
목적：료해토원성선충병국가급감측점토양중회충란오염정황，위제정방치대책급평개방치효과제공과학의거。방법근거《전국토원성선충병감측방안（시행）》요구，재22개토원성선충병국가급감측점중，매년매감측점수궤추취10호거민，분별채집채완、측소주변、정원급주방적토양，채용개량포화초산납표부검사법분리토양회충란，병감별수정화미수정회충란，감정수정회충란적사활。령외，대토원성선충병국가급감측점토양중회충란감측공작진행SWOT분석。결과2006-2010년，22개토원성선충병감측점공감측1090호，토양중회충란총검출솔위30.73%，미수정회충란、수정회충란화활수정회충란적총검출솔분별위13.21%、26.42%화20.28%，채완、측소주변、정원화주방토양회충란적총검출솔분별위16.51%、13.49%、14.22%화10.73%。SWOT분석표명，감측점토양회충란감측공작존재우세화열세，동시면림궤회여도전。결론부분토원성선충병국가급감측점토양회충란오염정황잉십분엄중，응가강분편무해화처리、개수개측、개조배경등조시，이보호인군면수감염。
Objective To understand the status of Ascaris eggs pollution in soil at national monitoring spots of soil-transmit-ted nematodiasis,so as to provide the evidence for making countermeasures and evaluating the control effect. Methods Ten households were selected from each of the 22 national monitoring spots annually according to the National Surveillance Program of Soil-Transmitted Nematodiasis(Trial),and the soil samples from vegetable gardens,toilet periphery,courtyards and kitchens were collected and examined by using the modified floatation test with saturated sodium nitrate. Fertilized or unfertilized eggs as well as live or dead fertilized eggs were discriminated and identified. In addition,a SWOT analysis of monitoring of Ascaris eggs pollution in the soil of rural China was carried out. Results A total of 1 090 households were monitored in 22 monitoring spots from 2006 to 2010. The total detection rate of Ascaris eggs in the soil was 30.73%,and the detection rates of fertilized,unfertilized and live fertilized eggs were 13.21%,26.42%and 20.28%,respectively. The total detection rates of Ascaris eggs in the vegetable garden,toilet periphery,courtyard and kitchen were 16.51%,13.49%,14.22% and 10.73% respectively. The SWOT analysis demonstrated that the monitoring work had both advantages and disadvantages,and was faced with opportunities as well as threats. Conclusion The pollution status of Ascaris eggs in the soil is still quite severe at some national monitoring spots,and the counter-measures such as implementing hazard-free treatment of stool,improving water supply and sanitation and reforming environment should be taken to protect people from being infected.