CAJ | 학술논문

作为处理公共事务的政治治理，政治的生命与活力在于公开，公开方可赋予政治治理以理性精神。以儒家传统话语而言，则为决之“公论”，“公是非于天下”。然而这一点的实现，则需要相应的媒介作为载体。本文所探讨的邸报，就是“公论”与“公是非”的介质。中晚明的邸报，其承载内容之全面，覆盖范围之广，传播速度之快，不仅使明代政治呈现高度的公开透明性，而且有效促进了儒家士大夫的议政热情。晚明的“清议”风行，也与此有很大的关联。以明代历史沿革而言，邸报之从无到有，至万历臻于极致，进而延续至明亡，体现了儒家士大夫为实现自身的政治理想于政治制度建置上的努力。
작위처리공공사무적정치치리，정치적생명여활력재우공개，공개방가부여정치치리이이성정신。이유가전통화어이언，칙위결지“공론”，“공시비우천하”。연이저일점적실현，칙수요상응적매개작위재체。본문소탐토적저보，취시“공론”여“공시비”적개질。중만명적저보，기승재내용지전면，복개범위지엄，전파속도지쾌，불부사명대정치정현고도적공개투명성，이차유효촉진료유가사대부적의정열정。만명적“청의”풍행，야여차유흔대적관련。이명대역사연혁이언，저보지종무도유，지만력진우겁치，진이연속지명망，체현료유가사대부위실현자신적정치이상우정치제도건치상적노력。
Confucianism has the ideal of “Gonglun” (to debate publicly ) or“Gong shifei yu tianxia” (to publicize the debates about national policies all over China) ,which had been realized ,though in a limited way ,in Chinese ancient history .One media to realize the ideal is Dibao (court bulletin) ,which could be traced back to the Song Dynasty and had been revived and reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty .This paper tests in the textual data the existence and importance of Dibao in the Ming Dynasty and argues that it had promoted the transparency of politics , especially in the mid and late Ming Dynasty . The contents of Dibao were imperial edicts and the memorials to the emperors from the scholar-officials , with the purpose to discuss national policies , under the permission of the emperors . During the mid and late Ming Dynasty , Dibao reached almost all counties of China , the lowest level of the imperial government ,including remote counties in Guangdong , Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces ,the farthest provinces from the central government . The debates were made available to all scholar-officials and they all could have a part in the debates . Moreover , Dibao played an important role in circulating those memorials held by the emperors without responding to the scholar-officials who sent them ,a phenomenon called Liuzhong .This was especially the case during Wanli ,one of the most inactive monarchies during Ming Dyansty . Dibao had its limit though:it was not available to all Chinese people but scholar-officials . Even the non-official students in official schools had no access to it .Despite this ,the publicity mediated by Dibao could not be neglected .