CAJ | 학술논문

碳中和是节能减排的生态机制及碳均衡的基础，新能源替代是化石能源枯竭前的必须及节能减排的根本，而直接的节能减排是近期、初期、最多中期的过渡手段。因此国内温室气体减排基本框架设计的方向，应该是在生态经济、循环经济及低碳社会转型中的节能减排、新能源替代和碳中和三方面通盘考虑的基础上，巧妙使用价格杠杆的作用，才能达到“建立起促进技术进步、经济增长和发展方式转变的新机制”的效果。建立带有经济杠杆形式的“碳排放权交易市场”，运用“碳源”及“碳汇”的主观价格及市场均衡价格作为灵敏度调节的“手柄”或“砝码”，甚至可以“内生性”而不是“外科手术”式地一揽子解决老少边穷地区脱贫问题、退耕还林问题、森林分类经营及生态效益补偿问题、产业的“双转移”问题、主功能区规划中“限制开发区”的生存机制问题、各种企业的高碳能源“碳排放”问题，以及国家层面的新能源基本替代及最大幅度的节能减排之根本问题。
탄중화시절능감배적생태궤제급탄균형적기출，신능원체대시화석능원고갈전적필수급절능감배적근본，이직접적절능감배시근기、초기、최다중기적과도수단。인차국내온실기체감배기본광가설계적방향，응해시재생태경제、순배경제급저탄사회전형중적절능감배、신능원체대화탄중화삼방면통반고필적기출상，교묘사용개격강간적작용，재능체도“건립기촉진기술진보、경제증장화발전방식전변적신궤제”적효과。건립대유경제강간형식적“탄배방권교역시장”，운용“탄원”급“탄회”적주관개격급시장균형개격작위령민도조절적“수병”혹“겁마”，심지가이“내생성”이불시“외과수술”식지일람자해결노소변궁지구탈빈문제、퇴경환림문제、삼림분류경영급생태효익보상문제、산업적“쌍전이”문제、주공능구규화중“한제개발구”적생존궤제문제、각충기업적고탄능원“탄배방”문제，이급국가층면적신능원기본체대급최대폭도적절능감배지근본문제。
Carbon neutral is the ecological mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction, and also the basis of carbon balance. Replacement of fossil energy by new energy is essential for avoiding energy depletion and energy saving and emission reduction. While the direct energy saving emission reduction is a transition method for present, most early, and mid-term. So the design direction of the basic framework for domestic greenhouse gas emission reduction should be based on an overall consideration of energy-saving emission reduction, new energy and carbon balance in the ecological economy, circular economy and low carbon social transformation. With the proper use of price leverage, a new mechanism could be established to promote technological progress, economic growth and development change. By establishing "carbon emissions trading market" with economic leverage, using "carbon source" and "sink subjective price" and market price as the sensitivity regulation tool of the "handle" or "weight", or even an "endogenous" rather than"surgical operation" type of measures, the problems could be solved including poverty alleviation in, underdeveloped areas, returning of cultivated land to forests, forest classification management and ecological benefit compensation, "dual- transfer" of industry, survival mechanism in the "restricted zone", carbon emission of high carbon energy for various enterprises as well as the new energy substitution and biggest energy saving and emission reduction in national level.