运筹与管理
運籌與管理
운주여관리
OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
2013年
3期
80-88
,共9页
供应链%供应链协调%随机弹性需求%库存因子%提前期
供應鏈%供應鏈協調%隨機彈性需求%庫存因子%提前期
공응련%공응련협조%수궤탄성수구%고존인자%제전기
supply chain%coordination%elastic and stochastic demand%stock factor%lead-time
研究了市场需求随机且对销售价格及提前期敏感的条件下，供应链如何制定最优的销售价格、提前期以及库存因子使得利润最大化。首先，分析了集中决策与分散决策供应链的最优决策，发现集中决策与分散决策模式下的提前期与库存因子是相同的，但分散决策下的销售价格更高、期望利润更低，且分散决策与集中决策供应链的利润之比随着需求对价格的敏感程度的增大而增大。然后建立了收入共享与成本分担的协调机制，并分析了其最优决策。研究发现，协调决策机制可以有效地压缩提前期，并能同时使供应链达到帕累托改进，但不能达到完美协调，而且还发现协调决策下制定的最优销售价格比分散决策要低。最后通过数值计算对三种供应链决策模式下的绩效进行了比较分析，结果表明供应链利润随着需求方差增大而减小，提前期压缩程度随着材料成本承担比例增大而增大。上述结论可以为企业制定销售价格与提前期决策以及企业间的协调提供有益的指导。
研究瞭市場需求隨機且對銷售價格及提前期敏感的條件下，供應鏈如何製定最優的銷售價格、提前期以及庫存因子使得利潤最大化。首先，分析瞭集中決策與分散決策供應鏈的最優決策，髮現集中決策與分散決策模式下的提前期與庫存因子是相同的，但分散決策下的銷售價格更高、期望利潤更低，且分散決策與集中決策供應鏈的利潤之比隨著需求對價格的敏感程度的增大而增大。然後建立瞭收入共享與成本分擔的協調機製，併分析瞭其最優決策。研究髮現，協調決策機製可以有效地壓縮提前期，併能同時使供應鏈達到帕纍託改進，但不能達到完美協調，而且還髮現協調決策下製定的最優銷售價格比分散決策要低。最後通過數值計算對三種供應鏈決策模式下的績效進行瞭比較分析，結果錶明供應鏈利潤隨著需求方差增大而減小，提前期壓縮程度隨著材料成本承擔比例增大而增大。上述結論可以為企業製定銷售價格與提前期決策以及企業間的協調提供有益的指導。
연구료시장수구수궤차대소수개격급제전기민감적조건하，공응련여하제정최우적소수개격、제전기이급고존인자사득리윤최대화。수선，분석료집중결책여분산결책공응련적최우결책，발현집중결책여분산결책모식하적제전기여고존인자시상동적，단분산결책하적소수개격경고、기망리윤경저，차분산결책여집중결책공응련적리윤지비수착수구대개격적민감정도적증대이증대。연후건립료수입공향여성본분담적협조궤제，병분석료기최우결책。연구발현，협조결책궤제가이유효지압축제전기，병능동시사공응련체도파루탁개진，단불능체도완미협조，이차환발현협조결책하제정적최우소수개격비분산결책요저。최후통과수치계산대삼충공응련결책모식하적적효진행료비교분석，결과표명공응련리윤수착수구방차증대이감소，제전기압축정도수착재료성본승담비례증대이증대。상술결론가이위기업제정소수개격여제전기결책이급기업간적협조제공유익적지도。
This paper studies the optimal retail price , lead time and stock factor decisions in a supply chain with stochastic and price-lead time elastic demand .The optimal decisions under both centralized and decentralized supply chain decision scenarios are studied .The results show that the lead time and stock factor decisions under both scenarios are the same, whereas under the decentralized model , the retail price is higher and the profit is lower.Moreover, the chain profit loss, compared to centralized system , increases with the price elasticity.A kind of revenue and cost sharing coordination mechanism is also proposed to coordinate the profits of supply chain.The results show that the coordination mechanism can help to shorten lead time and achieve supply chain Pareto improvement, while can not achieve the perfect supply chain coordination .In addition, the optimal retail price under coordination mechanism is lower than that of decentralized model .The reduction extent of lead time increases with the cost allocation ratio burdened by the retailer .As the cost allocation ratio burdened by the retailer is smaller, the extent of lead time reduction will be lower , and then the profit of the coordinated supply chain will be closer to that of centralized supply chain .Our numerical results show that supply chain profits decrease with the variance of the market demand.
