中国光学
中國光學
중국광학
CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPTICS
2013年
5期
780-787
,共8页
单目视觉测量%光笔%光刻工艺%后方交会%优化算法
單目視覺測量%光筆%光刻工藝%後方交會%優化算法
단목시각측량%광필%광각공예%후방교회%우화산법
monocular vision measurement%light pen%photolithography%resection%optimization algorithm
为了对机械加工部件进行高精度、大尺寸、三维立体空间的现场实时测量，建立了光笔式单目视觉测量系统。对该系统中的新型光笔工艺、算法转换模型、摄像机焦距的优化、光笔笔尖位置的标定进行了研究。首先提出了一种利用光刻工艺设计制作的新型光笔，其次，基于近景摄影测量学中的单像空间后方交会原理，建立了一种新的光笔坐标系与摄像机坐标系之间的转换模型，通过最小二乘平差法循环迭代求解最优的单像空间外方位元素，从而确定了转换模型基本参数。最后，分析了摄像机焦距对光笔式单目视觉测量系统结果的影响，并提出了一种确定相对准确焦距和光笔测头在光笔坐标系下的位置的方法。实验结果表明：摄像机坐标系下x轴、y轴、z轴方向的稳定性误差分别为0.042、0.048、0.066 mm；测量最大误差为0.173 mm，较大程度上满足了光笔式单目测量系统稳定性强和精度高的要求。
為瞭對機械加工部件進行高精度、大呎吋、三維立體空間的現場實時測量，建立瞭光筆式單目視覺測量繫統。對該繫統中的新型光筆工藝、算法轉換模型、攝像機焦距的優化、光筆筆尖位置的標定進行瞭研究。首先提齣瞭一種利用光刻工藝設計製作的新型光筆，其次，基于近景攝影測量學中的單像空間後方交會原理，建立瞭一種新的光筆坐標繫與攝像機坐標繫之間的轉換模型，通過最小二乘平差法循環迭代求解最優的單像空間外方位元素，從而確定瞭轉換模型基本參數。最後，分析瞭攝像機焦距對光筆式單目視覺測量繫統結果的影響，併提齣瞭一種確定相對準確焦距和光筆測頭在光筆坐標繫下的位置的方法。實驗結果錶明：攝像機坐標繫下x軸、y軸、z軸方嚮的穩定性誤差分彆為0.042、0.048、0.066 mm；測量最大誤差為0.173 mm，較大程度上滿足瞭光筆式單目測量繫統穩定性彊和精度高的要求。
위료대궤계가공부건진행고정도、대척촌、삼유입체공간적현장실시측량，건립료광필식단목시각측량계통。대해계통중적신형광필공예、산법전환모형、섭상궤초거적우화、광필필첨위치적표정진행료연구。수선제출료일충이용광각공예설계제작적신형광필，기차，기우근경섭영측량학중적단상공간후방교회원리，건립료일충신적광필좌표계여섭상궤좌표계지간적전환모형，통과최소이승평차법순배질대구해최우적단상공간외방위원소，종이학정료전환모형기본삼수。최후，분석료섭상궤초거대광필식단목시각측량계통결과적영향，병제출료일충학정상대준학초거화광필측두재광필좌표계하적위치적방법。실험결과표명：섭상궤좌표계하x축、y축、z축방향적은정성오차분별위0.042、0.048、0.066 mm；측량최대오차위0.173 mm，교대정도상만족료광필식단목측량계통은정성강화정도고적요구。
In order to achieve the high-precision, large-size, three-dimensional space and real-time measure-ment of mechanical components, a monocular vision measurement system with a light pen was established .The new technology, algorithm converting model, the optimization of camera focal length and the position calibra-tion of the light pen probe were studied .First, a new type of light pen which was designed by using the photo-lithography process was proposed .Then, based on resection principle of single image space in the close-range photogrammetry, the new conversion relationship between the light pen coordinate system and the camera coor-dinate system was established .Optimal exterior orientation elements of single image space was solved by least squares adjustment method in the loop iteration , and basic parameters of the transformation model were deter-mined.Finally, the impacts of focal length on the result of monocular vision measurement system were ana-lyzed, and a method to determine the relatively accurate focus length and the position of light pen probe in the coordinate system of the light pen was proposed .Experimental results indicate that the stability errors in the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis directions of the camera coordinate system are 0.042 733 mm, 0.048 513 mm and 0.066 39 mm, respectively, and the maximum measuring error is 0.173 mm.These results meet the require-ments of monocular vision measurement system with a light pen for stability and high accuracy .
