中南大学学报(社会科学版)
中南大學學報(社會科學版)
중남대학학보(사회과학판)
JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCE)
2014年
3期
134-138
,共5页
非法证据排除%善意例外%溯及既往%客观合理信赖先例的“善意例外”
非法證據排除%善意例外%溯及既往%客觀閤理信賴先例的“善意例外”
비법증거배제%선의예외%소급기왕%객관합리신뢰선례적“선의예외”
exclusionary rule%good faith exception%doctrine of retroactivity%a good-faith exception for objectively reasonable reliance on binding precedent
“善意例外”是美国非法证据排除规则的一种例外。在戴维斯案件之前,美国联邦最高法院已确立了几种“善意例外”的类型,戴维斯案件确立了一种新的“善意例外”,即客观合理信赖先例的“善意例外”。当警察搜查时客观上合理依赖有约束力的司法先例,但后来该先例已被改变,此种情况下搜查获得的证据不应适用非法证据排除规则。建立这种“善意例外”是因为警察没有过错,且适用非法证据排除规则不能遏制警察的违法行为。建立客观合理信赖先例的“善意例外”并没有危及溯及既往原则,也不会阻碍第四修正案的发展。
“善意例外”是美國非法證據排除規則的一種例外。在戴維斯案件之前,美國聯邦最高法院已確立瞭幾種“善意例外”的類型,戴維斯案件確立瞭一種新的“善意例外”,即客觀閤理信賴先例的“善意例外”。噹警察搜查時客觀上閤理依賴有約束力的司法先例,但後來該先例已被改變,此種情況下搜查穫得的證據不應適用非法證據排除規則。建立這種“善意例外”是因為警察沒有過錯,且適用非法證據排除規則不能遏製警察的違法行為。建立客觀閤理信賴先例的“善意例外”併沒有危及溯及既往原則,也不會阻礙第四脩正案的髮展。
“선의예외”시미국비법증거배제규칙적일충예외。재대유사안건지전,미국련방최고법원이학립료궤충“선의예외”적류형,대유사안건학립료일충신적“선의예외”,즉객관합리신뢰선례적“선의예외”。당경찰수사시객관상합리의뢰유약속력적사법선례,단후래해선례이피개변,차충정황하수사획득적증거불응괄용비법증거배제규칙。건립저충“선의예외”시인위경찰몰유과착,차괄용비법증거배제규칙불능알제경찰적위법행위。건립객관합리신뢰선례적“선의예외”병몰유위급소급기왕원칙,야불회조애제사수정안적발전。
Good-faith exception is a kind of exclusionary rule. Before Davis v. United States, several good-faith exceptions were established by Supreme Court of the United States. Good-faith exception for objectively reasonable reliance on binding precedent was established in Davis v. United States. The Supreme Court held that when the police conducted a search in objectively reasonable reliance on binding appellate precedent, the exclusionary rule should not be applied. Applying the good-faith exception is not only because officer is inculpable, but also because applying the good-faith exception can not deter future Fourth Amendment violations. Good-faith exception for objectively reasonable reliance on binding precedent is compatible with retroactivity precedent. Good-faith exception for objectively reasonable reliance on binding precedent will not stunt the development of Fourth Amendment law.