CAJ | 학술논문

通过对不同载体、营养成分（碳源和氮源）及粘合剂的筛选，研制出了一种便于储存和运输、并可在棉花根部施用的解淀粉芽孢杆菌X-278（以下简称X-278）片剂，并测定了片剂的贮存稳定性；采用利福平标记法，测定了X-278片剂在棉花根、茎及根际土壤中的定殖能力；采用随机区组设计法研究了X-278片剂、X-278发酵液及枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对棉花黄萎病的田间防治效果。结果表明：以硅藻土为载体，以质量分数为15％的葡萄糖为碳源，以质量分数为30％的花生饼为氮源，质量分数为20％的淀粉浆为粘合剂，通过干法压片得到了外观完整、光洁，色泽均匀且具有一定稳定性的X-278片剂，其含水量（质量分数）为0?5％，活菌含量为7?4×107 cfu/g，未检测到有其他杂菌存在，各指标均符合标准；在棉花根部施用X-278片剂40 d后，X-278的最高定殖量在棉花根内为1?56×103 cfu/g，在茎中为3?6×103 cfu/g，在根际土壤中达3?8×106 cfu/g，持效期达60 d；田间试验结果表明，X-278片剂对棉花黄萎病的防治效果均优于其发酵液及枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂，当X-278片剂施用量为0?6 g/株时，对棉花黄萎病的防效达到86?34％。
통과대불동재체、영양성분（탄원화담원）급점합제적사선，연제출료일충편우저존화운수、병가재면화근부시용적해정분아포간균X-278（이하간칭X-278）편제，병측정료편제적저존은정성；채용리복평표기법，측정료X-278편제재면화근、경급근제토양중적정식능력；채용수궤구조설계법연구료X-278편제、X-278발효액급고초아포간균가습성분제대면화황위병적전간방치효과。결과표명：이규조토위재체，이질량분수위15％적포도당위탄원，이질량분수위30％적화생병위담원，질량분수위20％적정분장위점합제，통과간법압편득도료외관완정、광길，색택균균차구유일정은정성적X-278편제，기함수량（질량분수）위0?5％，활균함량위7?4×107 cfu/g，미검측도유기타잡균존재，각지표균부합표준；재면화근부시용X-278편제40 d후，X-278적최고정식량재면화근내위1?56×103 cfu/g，재경중위3?6×103 cfu/g，재근제토양중체3?8×106 cfu/g，지효기체60 d；전간시험결과표명，X-278편제대면화황위병적방치효과균우우기발효액급고초아포간균가습성분제，당X-278편제시용량위0?6 g/주시，대면화황위병적방효체도86?34％。
Through the screening of different carriers, nutrients ( carbon and nitrogen) and adhesives, the tablets of Bacillus amyloiquefaciens X-278 ( X-278 in short ) was developed, which could be applied in cotton root and was convenient for storage and transportation. The storage stability of the tablets was detected. By rifampicin labeling method, the colonization ability of X-278 in cotton root, stem, and in rhizosphere soil were determined. The field control efficacy of X-278 tablets, X-278 fermentation liquor, and Bacillus subtilis wettable powder to cotton verticillium wilt were studied by randomized block design method. The results showed that using diatomite as carrier, mass fraction of 15% glucose as carbon source, mass fraction of 30% peanut cake as nitrogen source, mass fraction of 20% starch as adhesive, tablets of X-278 with smooth appearance and uniform color could be developed by dry pressing method. The moisture content of the tablets was 0?5%, and the living bacteria content was 7?4 × 107 cfu/g. There was no miscellaneous bacterium detected, and all the indicators were up to the standard. Forty days after applying X-278 tablets in cotton root, the colonization number of X-278 reach the highest, which was 1?56 × 103 cfu/g in the root, 3?6 × 103 cfu/g in the stem, and 3?8 × 106 cfu/g in the rhizosphere soil. The effective duration of the tablets was up to 60 d. The results of field experiment showed that the control efficacy of X-278 tablets against cotton verticillium wilt were superior to that of the fermented liquid and B. subtilis wettable powder. When applied at dosage 0?6 g per plant, the control efficacy of X-278 tablets against cotton verticillium wilt reached 86?34 %.