CAJ | 학술논문

本文在明瑟收入方程的基础上，使用入职时的教育和收入水平，分析“纯净”的教育收益率。本研究从新中国成立初期、“文革”时期、改革初期、深入改革时期四个历史阶段分析教育回报率的变化趋势。结果显示，我国城市居民教育回报率呈现先下降后上升的趋势。本文同时使用一般线性回归与分位回归模型，深入观察不同历史时期的教育回报率在不同分位点上的变化。实证结果发现，改革开放前，收入条件分布中、低分位点的教育收益率高于高分位点，教育使得收入水平趋于收敛；改革开放后教育收益率随收入条件分布的分位点的增高而同步提高，教育导致收入差距增加。
본문재명슬수입방정적기출상，사용입직시적교육화수입수평，분석“순정”적교육수익솔。본연구종신중국성립초기、“문혁”시기、개혁초기、심입개혁시기사개역사계단분석교육회보솔적변화추세。결과현시，아국성시거민교육회보솔정현선하강후상승적추세。본문동시사용일반선성회귀여분위회귀모형，심입관찰불동역사시기적교육회보솔재불동분위점상적변화。실증결과발현，개혁개방전，수입조건분포중、저분위점적교육수익솔고우고분위점，교육사득수입수평추우수렴；개혁개방후교육수익솔수수입조건분포적분위점적증고이동보제고，교육도치수입차거증가。
Based on the Mincer Equation, this paper revises the model by measuring educational attainment and income level to calculate "pure" rates of return to education. The study analyzes the trend in rates of return to education in urban China through four periods, i.e. the early years of New China, the Cultural Revolution Decade, the early years of the reform and opening-up, and the phase of deepening reform. The result shows that the rates of return to education first falls and then rises. Moreover, the study uses linear regression model and quantile regression model to analyze the changes in rates of return to education on different quantiles. It is found that the rate of return to education plays different roles in different periods. To be more specific, education narrows the income gap before the commencement of reform and opening-up and widens the income gap afterwards.