林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE
2014年
4期
144-151
,共8页
吴忠锋%杨锦昌%成铁龙%尹光天%许涵%刘志龙
吳忠鋒%楊錦昌%成鐵龍%尹光天%許涵%劉誌龍
오충봉%양금창%성철룡%윤광천%허함%류지룡
油楠%资源分布%产油特征%种子大小%结实习性
油楠%資源分佈%產油特徵%種子大小%結實習性
유남%자원분포%산유특정%충자대소%결실습성
Sindora glabra%distribution of resources%oleoresin production biology%seed size%flowering habitat
Sindora glabra belongs to genus Sindora of family Caesalpiniaceae and is one of Second Class Key Protected Wild Plants in China with multiple uses. In order to further understand its biological characteristics and promote the conservation and utilization of its resources,we investigated the germplasm resources,distribution habitat,community characteristics,seed characteristics,and growing habitat of seedlings and adult plants. The oleoresin production biology was studied by drilling trunk and regularly collecting the oleoresin. The results showed that S. glabra plants distributed mainly in an attitude range of 200 -700 m downhill of the tropical lowland rain forest and the tropical ravine rain forest of Lingshui,Sanya,Wuzhishan,Ledong,Dongfang,Changjiang and Baisha. Most of them grew in yellow soil and laterite formed from granite without slope aspect preference. In the Jianfengling nature reserve S. glabra was scattered in the forest communities with the relative density of 0 . 43% and relative frequency of 0 . 87%. There was significant phenomenon of alternate bearing with mean fruiting period of 3. 5 years. The average seed length,width,thickness and grain weight of S. glabra were 1. 93 cm,1. 56 cm,1. 00 cm,2. 048 2 kg,respectively. Both seed size and grain weight were significantly different between populations and among individuals while the variation between populations was greater than that between individuals. Growth rate of one-year-old seedlings was less than 50 cm in height and about 0. 50 cm in ground diameter, indicating the S. glabra seedlings grew slowly compared with other tropical tree species. Growth speed of adult plants varied in different introducing areas of S. glabra with annual increment range of 0. 56 -1. 17 cm in DBH and 0. 22 -0. 61 m in height,respectively. S. glabra in natural forests grew slightly slower with the DBH and height increment of 0. 48 cm and 0. 17 m per year compared with in introducing areas,however it had the moderate growth compared with other tropical tree species. The on-site oleoresin draining from perforated trunk was less than 20%,but the proportion from trunk perforated half year ago increased to more than 90%,suggesting that the perforation damage promoted oil-producing. The on-site oleoresin yield from perforated trunk varied dramatically among S. glabra individuals with the maximal yield of 46. 57 L,and annual oleoresin yields fluctuated from less than 0. 01 to 3. 00 L among different individuals with the mean value of 0. 55 L. The oleoresin yield increased with the diameter at breast height (DBH) from 0. 23 -1. 08 L per tree with the peak value of 1. 08 L in the DHB of 61 -70 cm.