CAJ | 학술논문

以海南岛热带山地雨林老龄林及经过择伐和皆伐后自然恢复约40年的次生林为研究对象，通过群落学调查和样地环境因子测定，分析不同干扰方式对群落组成及谱系结构的影响，探讨不同干扰方式下环境因素对群落谱系结构的影响。结果表明：历经40年的恢复，2种方式干扰后自然恢复次生林不同径级(1≤DBH＜5 cm为幼树、5≤DBH＜10 cm为小树、DBH≥10 cm为成年树)树种的丰富度已接近老龄林水平，其幼树、小树的多度显著高于老龄林，但其胸高断面积依旧显著低于老龄林；从老龄林、择伐后恢复的次生林到皆伐后恢复的次生林，群落幼树和总体的谱系结构由聚集转向发散，而成年树的谱系结构则恰好相反，小树的谱系结构基本上是随机的；在老龄林中，群落各个径级的谱系结构均随着海拔的升高由发散转向聚集；在择伐后恢复的次生林中，除成年树外，群落的谱系结构随土壤含水量的增加由聚集转向发散；在皆伐后恢复的次生林中，幼树的谱系结构随土壤有机质含量的增加由发散转向聚集，而小树和成年树的谱系结构则由聚集转向发散。
이해남도열대산지우림노령림급경과택벌화개벌후자연회복약40년적차생림위연구대상，통과군락학조사화양지배경인자측정，분석불동간우방식대군락조성급보계결구적영향，탐토불동간우방식하배경인소대군락보계결구적영향。결과표명：력경40년적회복，2충방식간우후자연회복차생림불동경급(1≤DBH＜5 cm위유수、5≤DBH＜10 cm위소수、DBH≥10 cm위성년수)수충적봉부도이접근노령림수평，기유수、소수적다도현저고우노령림，단기흉고단면적의구현저저우노령림；종노령림、택벌후회복적차생림도개벌후회복적차생림，군락유수화총체적보계결구유취집전향발산，이성년수적보계결구칙흡호상반，소수적보계결구기본상시수궤적；재노령림중，군락각개경급적보계결구균수착해발적승고유발산전향취집；재택벌후회복적차생림중，제성년수외，군락적보계결구수토양함수량적증가유취집전향발산；재개벌후회복적차생림중，유수적보계결구수토양유궤질함량적증가유발산전향취집，이소수화성년수적보계결구칙유취집전향발산。
Old growth stands and the secondary stands which were naturally regenerated from selective logging or clear-cutting of old growth forest about 40 years ago in the tropical montane rainforest of Hainan Island were surveyed and compared. All trees and shrubs with diameter at breast height ( DBH ) ≥1 cm were identified and measured,and environmental variables were measured in each plot. The variations of community composition and phylogenetic structure among different stands were examined by ANOVA to analyze the effect of the different disturbances. The multiple stepwise regression was used explore effects of the key environmental factors on the phylogenetic structure in different stands. The results showed that species richness of the secondary stands,on the 40 years recovery,almost reached to the level of old-growth forest. Abundances of saplings and young trees in the secondary stands were significantly higher than those in old-growth stands,whereas the basal area in the secondary stands was significantly lower than that in old-growth stands. Phylogenetic structures of saplings and all individuals changed from clustered to diverged,whereas phylogenetic structure of adult trees was opposite and phylogenetic structure of young trees was nearly random from old growth stands,the secondary stands recovered from selective logging to the secondary stands recovered from clear-cutting. In old-growth forest, phylogenetic structure of community was more clustered at high elevation than that at low elevation for all diameter classes. In the secondary stands recovered from selective logging,phylogenetic structure of community was more overdispersed under higher soil water content than that under lower soil water content in all diameter classes except for adult trees. In the secondary stands recovered from clear-cutting,contrasting to young trees and adult trees,phylogenetic structure of the saplings was more clustered in higher soil organic matter content than that in lower soil organic matter content.