CAJ | 학술논문

张三丰是著名的隐逸道士，虽然明清之际留下大量文献记载，但由于所载史迹相互抵牾，又多附会道教长生不老、神仙丹术之假想，因此，关于其人名字号、生活的时代、仙游行迹等几个重要问题，至今仍无定论。以宋、元、明记载仙人的传记反推可证：元明之际“三"”或“三丰”为真，而黄宗羲《王征南墓志铭》宋之“三峰”为附会；以明成祖寻访三丰的诏书、御诗以及明太祖、明成祖寻访三丰的文献为依据，可证三丰为北宋末、宋末元初、元末明初人为误，元初至明初人为正。根据文献记载：从大元中（约1321年）于鹿邑太清宫出家始，到永乐年间（1402~1423）隐居云门山止，张三丰云游时间长达近百年，所到之处有河南开封、湖北武当山、贵州黎峨城、山西玉阳观、贵州福泉山、陕西长安、甘肃陇上及甘州、陕西宝鸡、四川蜀地、河南湖北之襄邓、成都鹤鸣山、山东青州云门山等多地。其仙游时间为元初到明初，与考证张三丰为元明之际著名道士结论相符。
장삼봉시저명적은일도사，수연명청지제류하대량문헌기재，단유우소재사적상호저오，우다부회도교장생불로、신선단술지가상，인차，관우기인명자호、생활적시대、선유행적등궤개중요문제，지금잉무정론。이송、원、명기재선인적전기반추가증：원명지제“삼"”혹“삼봉”위진，이황종희《왕정남묘지명》송지“삼봉”위부회；이명성조심방삼봉적조서、어시이급명태조、명성조심방삼봉적문헌위의거，가증삼봉위북송말、송말원초、원말명초인위오，원초지명초인위정。근거문헌기재：종대원중（약1321년）우록읍태청궁출가시，도영악년간（1402~1423）은거운문산지，장삼봉운유시간장체근백년，소도지처유하남개봉、호북무당산、귀주려아성、산서옥양관、귀주복천산、협서장안、감숙롱상급감주、협서보계、사천촉지、하남호북지양산、성도학명산、산동청주운문산등다지。기선유시간위원초도명초，여고증장삼봉위원명지제저명도사결론상부。
Zhang Sanfeng,the famous hermit monk,was recorded in many documents and stories in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. However,different versions and conflicts in documents,with immortal Taoist imaginar-ies,his name,style and given name,that era and tourism trace leave many questions. The author employed biographies of celestial beings of the Song,Yuan and Ming Dynasties,and concluded that authenticity of San-feng’s different versions. Historical documents also showed Zhang’s tourism and travels ranged near one cen-tury for many places,such as Kaifeng in He’nan,the Wudang Mountains,Li’e in Guizhou,Yuyangguan in Shanxi,the Fuquan Mountains in Guizhou,Chang’an in Shaanxi,Longshang and Ganzhou in Gansu,Baoji in Shaanxi,Sichuan province,You Xiang Deng in He’nan and Hubei,the Heming Mountains in Chengdu,the Yunmen Moutains in Qingzhou of Shandong,etc. The tourism term ranges from the beginning of the Yuan Dy-nasty to that of the Ming Dynasty,which matches the conclusion that Zhang was a famed Taoist.