CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】探讨高含油量、耐密抗倒、适于机播机收的油菜新品种中双11号在成都平原的生物学性状表现及配套高产高效栽培技术。【方法】2010-2012年连续两年先后在成都平原的邛崃市和大邑县开展了不同直播密度条件下施氮量对中双11号农艺性状、产量品质及氮肥利用率影响的大田试验。【结果】两年不同直播密度下，株高、分枝部位和单株角果数总体上表现为随施氮量增加而升高。籽粒产量则随施氮量加大呈先增加而后下降的趋势，且在180～360 kgN/hm2范围内产量差异不显著。高密度直播条件下，各施氮处理间的主花序长度和一次分枝数并无显著差异。籽粒含油量（％）随施氮量加大而下降，但在90～180 kgN/hm2范围内可以维持较高的值。随施氮量增加，氮肥农学利用率（AEN）、氮肥偏生产力（PFPN）、氮肥表观利用率（REN）和氮肥生理利用率（PEN）均总体上呈下降趋势，但N180处理的氮肥利用率各指标值都相对较高；在180～450 kgN/hm2范围内各施氮处理间的氮肥贡献率（NCR）均无显著差异，但它们均显著大于N90处理。【结论】在成都平原中等土壤肥力条件下，为适应机播机收，中双11号在高产（≥3000 kg/hm2）栽培措施上应适期早播（9月下旬）、高密度（36×104株/hm2）直播（条播）、合理施氮（180 kg/hm2）。
【목적】탐토고함유량、내밀항도、괄우궤파궤수적유채신품충중쌍11호재성도평원적생물학성상표현급배투고산고효재배기술。【방법】2010-2012년련속량년선후재성도평원적공래시화대읍현개전료불동직파밀도조건하시담량대중쌍11호농예성상、산량품질급담비이용솔영향적대전시험。【결과】량년불동직파밀도하，주고、분지부위화단주각과수총체상표현위수시담량증가이승고。자립산량칙수시담량가대정선증가이후하강적추세，차재180～360 kgN/hm2범위내산량차이불현저。고밀도직파조건하，각시담처리간적주화서장도화일차분지수병무현저차이。자립함유량（％）수시담량가대이하강，단재90～180 kgN/hm2범위내가이유지교고적치。수시담량증가，담비농학이용솔（AEN）、담비편생산력（PFPN）、담비표관이용솔（REN）화담비생리이용솔（PEN）균총체상정하강추세，단N180처리적담비이용솔각지표치도상대교고；재180～450 kgN/hm2범위내각시담처리간적담비공헌솔（NCR）균무현저차이，단타문균현저대우N90처리。【결론】재성도평원중등토양비력조건하，위괄응궤파궤수，중쌍11호재고산（≥3000 kg/hm2）재배조시상응괄기조파（9월하순）、고밀도（36×104주/hm2）직파（조파）、합리시담（180 kg/hm2）。
[Obj ective]The aim of the study was to obtain the biological characteristics and cultiva-tion techniques of high yield and high efficiency of"ZhongShuang 1 1"rapeseed.[Method]Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of N fertilizer on agronomic traits,yield,quality and N use efficiency of"ZhongShuang 1 1"rapeseed under direct-sowing and different densities in the Chengdu plain from 2010 to 2012.[Results]The results showed that plant height,branch height and pods per plant tended to increase with increasing N fertilizer in two years.The yield firstly increased and then decreased with increasing N fertilizer and there was no significant differ-ence in yield when N fertilizer was in the range of 180-360 kgN/hm2 .There was no significant difference in branch number and main inflorescence length among different N treatments (90-360 kgN/hm2 )under the conditions of direct-sowing and high density.Seed oil content decreased with increasing N fertilizer and had higher values during the range of 90-180 kgN/hm2 .With the in-crease of N fertilizer,N agronomic efficiency (AEN),N apparent recovery efficiency (REN),N partial factor productivity (PFPN )and N physiological efficiency (PEN )of"ZhongShuang 1 1"rapeseed showed a decrease trend on the whole but the parameters in N180 treatment had relative-ly high values.As for N fertilizer contribution rate (NCR),no significant differences within the scope of 180-450 kgN/hm2 were observed but the NCR in N90 treatment was significantly lower than that of other N treatments.[Conclusion]Under the soil fertility conditions of Chengdu plain,in order to apply mechanical sowing and harvesting for"ZhongShuang 1 1"rapeseed,high yield (≥3 000 kg/hm2 )cultivation measures may include proper early sowing (in late Septem-ber),high planting density (36×104 plants/hm2 )and reasonable N fertilizer (180 kgN/hm2 ).