CAJ | 학술논문

为控制中国北方裸露农田土壤风蚀，改善城市环境质量，该文以盐地碱蓬籽饼为主要原料，以十二烷基苯磺酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯醇等为辅料，经生物改性，制备了一种生态友好型抑尘剂并研究了其保湿性、水稳定性、抗风蚀性等性能以及该抑尘剂对种子出苗率及农田土壤土质的影响。结果表明，该抑尘剂喷洒后易形成团粒结构，可起到保护表层土壤的作用；在25℃时，黏度可高达到55.1 mPa·s，常温下使用时具有较好的黏结性能；保湿时间可以延长至72 h以上，具有良好的保湿性；能够抗击4次雨水冲蚀，具有较好的水稳性；单位面积土壤颗粒累积损失量小于0.7 g/m2，抑尘效率提高了99%以上；可增加土壤中植物生长所需的一些营养成分，可提高作物出苗率，促进作物生长；每平方米的使用成本约为0.5元。该文可为今后抑尘剂研究与实践提供参考。
위공제중국북방라로농전토양풍식，개선성시배경질량，해문이염지감봉자병위주요원료，이십이완기분광산납、최갑기섬유소납、취을희순등위보료，경생물개성，제비료일충생태우호형억진제병연구료기보습성、수은정성、항풍식성등성능이급해억진제대충자출묘솔급농전토양토질적영향。결과표명，해억진제분쇄후역형성단립결구，가기도보호표층토양적작용；재25℃시，점도가고체도55.1 mPa·s，상온하사용시구유교호적점결성능；보습시간가이연장지72 h이상，구유량호적보습성；능구항격4차우수충식，구유교호적수은성；단위면적토양과립루적손실량소우0.7 g/m2，억진효솔제고료99%이상；가증가토양중식물생장소수적일사영양성분，가제고작물출묘솔，촉진작물생장；매평방미적사용성본약위0.5원。해문가위금후억진제연구여실천제공삼고。
Particulate matter pollution is a serious problem in north China. One of the important sources is the bare farmland on the outskirts of the cities. To effectively control wind erosion and improve the quality of the urban environment in north China an eco-friendly dust suppressant (“SY” dust suppressant) was prepared with suaede salsa seed cake, a kind of agricultural and sideline product as main material, adding suitable amount of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol, et al. In order to discuss the performance of the“SY”dust suppressant, a study was carried out to compare“SY”dust suppressant with plant gum dust suppressant (“ZW” dust suppressant) and eco-efficient dust suppressant (“GS” dust suppressant) in various performances, including primarily the microstructure characterization of “SY” dust suppressant bonded soil particles, as well as the viscosity, moisture retention, water stability, the ability of anti-wind erosion, the effects on seed germination rate, and on soil of the three kinds of dust suppressant. The microstructure of “SY” dust suppressant adhered to soil particles showed that the “SY” dust suppressant could cement loose soil particles together and form a smooth and flat consolidation layer. The structure could effectively protect the fine particles on the surface of the soil being blown away. In the three kinds of dust suppressant, the viscosity of“SY”dust suppressant was the highest at 5-45℃, which was 10 to 17 times higher than the other two dust suppressants. The reason may be that the powder of suaede salsa seed cake went through high-temperature stewing in water bulking to biomass solution, and then crosslinking took place between the biomass solution and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, which improvedthe bonding performance of the “SY” dust suppressant. The moisture content of the consolidation layer after spraying “SY” dust suppressant fell at the slowest pace. The moisture content fell to 4.2%after 72h, while it was still above 4%.“SY”dust suppressant extended the time of moisture in the consolidation layer by 18 hours more than the other two kinds of dust suppressant. A “SY”consolidation layer could fight 4 times the rain erosion than the other types, indicating that the “SY” dust suppressant had excellent water stability. The water stability of the three kinds of dust suppressant decreased in the order: “SY” dust suppressant> “GS” dust suppressant>“ZW” dust suppressant. The cumulative loss of soil particle on a per unit area of samples which were sprayed with “SY” dust suppressant was the minimum. The losses were all less than 0.7 g/m2, and it could improve the efficiency of dust suppression by more than 99%. Besides, because the“SY”dust suppressant contained organic matter and small amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and so on which were included in suaede salsa seed, spraying “SY” dust suppressant on soil samples could improve the soil nutrients needed for plant growth and promote the growth of plants. The experimental results showed that spraying“SY”dust suppressant on soil samples could increase the total nitrogen content by more than 100 times, and the content of organic matter, bicarbonate alkalinity, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium increased at different levels compared with spraying the same amount of tap water. It can be found clearly from the experiment of the seed germination rate that spraying“SY”dust suppressant on soil samples could improve the germination rate of seeds up to 95.6%, and the seedlings grew best. In addition, spraying“SY”dust suppressant on soil by the amount of 2 kg/m2, the cost was 0.33 RMB per square meter, when considering the expenses of labor, the cost could be controlled to about 0.5 RMB per square meter.