农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2013年
18期
146-155
,共10页
张春敏%梁川%龙训建%卫仁娟
張春敏%樑川%龍訓建%衛仁娟
장춘민%량천%룡훈건%위인연
遥感%估算%植被%水分利用效率%动态变化%江河源区
遙感%估算%植被%水分利用效率%動態變化%江河源區
요감%고산%식피%수분이용효솔%동태변화%강하원구
remote sensing%estimation%vegetation%water use efficiency%dynamic change%yangtze and yellow river headwater region
为了获取高寒地区在资料短缺条件下的陆地生态系统碳循环和水循环的变化特征，该文以遥感数据、气象数据和实际观测数据相结合，利用基于光能利用率的 CASA（carnegie ames stanford approach）模型和 FAO Penman-Monteith方法对江河源区2000-2010年植被水分利用效率进行估算和动态分析，得出以下结论：1）所选模型较好的反应了区域植被水分利用效率的时空分布特征。近11 a来，长江源区和黄河源区多年平均水分利用效率（以C质量计，下同）分别为0.54 g/(mm·m2)和0.56 g/(mm·m2)，江河源区植被水分利用效率呈减少趋势，其中黄河源区植被水分效率减少速度大于长江源区。2）江河源区典型高寒草甸和高寒草原水分利用效率年际变化总体呈下降趋势，其中黄河源区减少趋势较长江源区更明显。长江源区高寒草甸和高寒草原水分利用效率呈现明显单峰现象，黄河源区呈现为阶梯增加和减少现象，表明长江源区在单位面积上植物消耗单位水分的固碳能力要好于黄河源区。3）主成分分析表明：江河源区植被水分利用效率变化与NDVI、温度、降水、太阳辐射以及蒸发密切相关；长江源区以NDVI、降雨为主导，黄河源区以NDVI、降雨和温度为主导。该研究可为江河源区水资源合理利用，实现区域生态环境可持续发展提供科学参考。
為瞭穫取高寒地區在資料短缺條件下的陸地生態繫統碳循環和水循環的變化特徵，該文以遙感數據、氣象數據和實際觀測數據相結閤，利用基于光能利用率的 CASA（carnegie ames stanford approach）模型和 FAO Penman-Monteith方法對江河源區2000-2010年植被水分利用效率進行估算和動態分析，得齣以下結論：1）所選模型較好的反應瞭區域植被水分利用效率的時空分佈特徵。近11 a來，長江源區和黃河源區多年平均水分利用效率（以C質量計，下同）分彆為0.54 g/(mm·m2)和0.56 g/(mm·m2)，江河源區植被水分利用效率呈減少趨勢，其中黃河源區植被水分效率減少速度大于長江源區。2）江河源區典型高寒草甸和高寒草原水分利用效率年際變化總體呈下降趨勢，其中黃河源區減少趨勢較長江源區更明顯。長江源區高寒草甸和高寒草原水分利用效率呈現明顯單峰現象，黃河源區呈現為階梯增加和減少現象，錶明長江源區在單位麵積上植物消耗單位水分的固碳能力要好于黃河源區。3）主成分分析錶明：江河源區植被水分利用效率變化與NDVI、溫度、降水、太暘輻射以及蒸髮密切相關；長江源區以NDVI、降雨為主導，黃河源區以NDVI、降雨和溫度為主導。該研究可為江河源區水資源閤理利用，實現區域生態環境可持續髮展提供科學參攷。
위료획취고한지구재자료단결조건하적륙지생태계통탄순배화수순배적변화특정，해문이요감수거、기상수거화실제관측수거상결합，이용기우광능이용솔적 CASA（carnegie ames stanford approach）모형화 FAO Penman-Monteith방법대강하원구2000-2010년식피수분이용효솔진행고산화동태분석，득출이하결론：1）소선모형교호적반응료구역식피수분이용효솔적시공분포특정。근11 a래，장강원구화황하원구다년평균수분이용효솔（이C질량계，하동）분별위0.54 g/(mm·m2)화0.56 g/(mm·m2)，강하원구식피수분이용효솔정감소추세，기중황하원구식피수분효솔감소속도대우장강원구。2）강하원구전형고한초전화고한초원수분이용효솔년제변화총체정하강추세，기중황하원구감소추세교장강원구경명현。장강원구고한초전화고한초원수분이용효솔정현명현단봉현상，황하원구정현위계제증가화감소현상，표명장강원구재단위면적상식물소모단위수분적고탄능력요호우황하원구。3）주성분분석표명：강하원구식피수분이용효솔변화여NDVI、온도、강수、태양복사이급증발밀절상관；장강원구이NDVI、강우위주도，황하원구이NDVI、강우화온도위주도。해연구가위강하원구수자원합리이용，실현구역생태배경가지속발전제공과학삼고。
The alteration of water and carbon cycles can produce great influence on the terrestrial ecosystem, as far as to the whole earth. Vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) is the important variable on the contact of a carbon cycle and hydrological cycle in the vegetation ecosystem. In addition, study of vegetation WUE, in Yangtze and Yellow River Headwater Region, can provide important support for region ecological environment development. Therefore, in order to obtain the change characteristics of the hydrologic and carbon cycle within the terrestrial ecosystem under a data shortage condition, this manuscript, focused on the advantages and applicability of light energy utilization model (CASA model) and a FAO Penman-Monteith model, estimated the vegetation WUE and analyzed the dynamic change situation from year 2000 to 2010. Furthermore, test data which consisted of several vegetation types were subject to verification. The results revealed that a CASA model could reflect vegetation WUE distribution characteristics preferable in time and space. During the study phase, a decrease trend of vegetation WUE was obvious. Moreover, a changing rate of partition, in the Yellow River headwater Region and Yangtze headwater region, was relatively different. In terms of these two area, the alpine grassland in the Yellow River headwater Region showed more obvious expression to reducing than that of the Yangtze headwaters region. As far as the regulation was concerned within the year, continuous mono-peek distributions mainly appeared in the Yangtze headwaters region. In addition, changes by leaps and bounds turned up in the Yellow River Headwater Region. These cases showed that carbon sequestration capacity in the Yangtze headwaters region was much better during the calculation period. In addition, studies of principal component analysis indicated that the factors, such as NDVI, temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and evaporation are closely related to vegetation WUE. Especially the NDVI, precipitation, and temperature were the main influencing factors in the study area.
