CAJ | 학술논문

为开发喀斯特山地柑橘抗旱节水栽培技术，以12年生纽荷尔脐橙（Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv Newhall navel orange）为材料，研究了洞穴灌溉、地面灌溉和不灌溉（对照）对脐橙新梢生长、叶片营养元素含量和果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明：洞穴灌溉和地面灌溉的脐橙萌芽期比对照提早30 d以上，春梢抽生期和开花期比地面灌溉的提早3～7 d，比对照提早30 d左右。在相同灌溉量下，2种灌溉方式都对脐橙的新梢生长产生明显促进作用，但洞穴灌溉的春梢抽生数量、长度、直径和春梢叶片数及单叶面积最大，促进春梢生长的作用比地面灌溉更明显。洞穴灌溉和地面灌溉的脐橙叶片的叶龄分别达到26个月和25个月，老叶分别在每年的3月下旬至4月中旬和3月上旬至3月下旬脱落，洞穴灌溉对保持叶片健康和延长叶片寿命的作用最好。对照的叶片寿命最短，在每年的12月中旬至下旬老叶就全部脱落，叶龄仅有20个月。洞穴灌溉的果实在正常时期成熟，地面灌溉的果实着色始期和成熟期比洞穴灌溉大约提前了7～10 d，而对照分别比洞穴灌溉的提前了18 d以上和22 d以上，比地面灌溉的分别提早9 d以上和13 d以上。洞穴灌溉能够明显改善脐橙树体的营养状态，叶片中N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、B的含量比地面灌溉和对照都有明显的提高，其含量都达中国柑橘叶分析营养诊断分级标准的适量值水平。与地面灌溉和对照相比，洞穴灌溉对促进果实的生长发育和提高果实品质的作用更为明显，果实的平均单果重、果肉中可溶性固形物及可溶性总糖的含量和果汁率最高，3者间的差异达到显著水平（p<0.05）。在相同的灌水量条件下，洞穴灌溉的水分利用效率最大，促进脐橙生长及提高产量、品质和改善树体营养状况的作用最好。该研究可为喀斯特山地柑橘节水灌溉提供参考。為開髮喀斯特山地柑橘抗旱節水栽培技術，以12年生紐荷爾臍橙（Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv Newhall navel orange）為材料，研究瞭洞穴灌溉、地麵灌溉和不灌溉（對照）對臍橙新梢生長、葉片營養元素含量和果實產量及品質的影響。結果錶明：洞穴灌溉和地麵灌溉的臍橙萌芽期比對照提早30 d以上，春梢抽生期和開花期比地麵灌溉的提早3～7 d，比對照提早30 d左右。在相同灌溉量下，2種灌溉方式都對臍橙的新梢生長產生明顯促進作用，但洞穴灌溉的春梢抽生數量、長度、直徑和春梢葉片數及單葉麵積最大，促進春梢生長的作用比地麵灌溉更明顯。洞穴灌溉和地麵灌溉的臍橙葉片的葉齡分彆達到26箇月和25箇月，老葉分彆在每年的3月下旬至4月中旬和3月上旬至3月下旬脫落，洞穴灌溉對保持葉片健康和延長葉片壽命的作用最好。對照的葉片壽命最短，在每年的12月中旬至下旬老葉就全部脫落，葉齡僅有20箇月。洞穴灌溉的果實在正常時期成熟，地麵灌溉的果實著色始期和成熟期比洞穴灌溉大約提前瞭7～10 d，而對照分彆比洞穴灌溉的提前瞭18 d以上和22 d以上，比地麵灌溉的分彆提早9 d以上和13 d以上。洞穴灌溉能夠明顯改善臍橙樹體的營養狀態，葉片中N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、B的含量比地麵灌溉和對照都有明顯的提高，其含量都達中國柑橘葉分析營養診斷分級標準的適量值水平。與地麵灌溉和對照相比，洞穴灌溉對促進果實的生長髮育和提高果實品質的作用更為明顯，果實的平均單果重、果肉中可溶性固形物及可溶性總糖的含量和果汁率最高，3者間的差異達到顯著水平（p<0.05）。在相同的灌水量條件下，洞穴灌溉的水分利用效率最大，促進臍橙生長及提高產量、品質和改善樹體營養狀況的作用最好。該研究可為喀斯特山地柑橘節水灌溉提供參攷。
위개발객사특산지감귤항한절수재배기술，이12년생뉴하이제등（Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv Newhall navel orange）위재료，연구료동혈관개、지면관개화불관개（대조）대제등신소생장、협편영양원소함량화과실산량급품질적영향。결과표명：동혈관개화지면관개적제등맹아기비대조제조30 d이상，춘소추생기화개화기비지면관개적제조3～7 d，비대조제조30 d좌우。재상동관개량하，2충관개방식도대제등적신소생장산생명현촉진작용，단동혈관개적춘소추생수량、장도、직경화춘소협편수급단협면적최대，촉진춘소생장적작용비지면관개경명현。동혈관개화지면관개적제등협편적협령분별체도26개월화25개월，로협분별재매년적3월하순지4월중순화3월상순지3월하순탈락，동혈관개대보지협편건강화연장협편수명적작용최호。대조적협편수명최단，재매년적12월중순지하순로협취전부탈락，협령부유20개월。동혈관개적과실재정상시기성숙，지면관개적과실착색시기화성숙기비동혈관개대약제전료7～10 d，이대조분별비동혈관개적제전료18 d이상화22 d이상，비지면관개적분별제조9 d이상화13 d이상。동혈관개능구명현개선제등수체적영양상태，협편중N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、B적함량비지면관개화대조도유명현적제고，기함량도체중국감귤협분석영양진단분급표준적괄량치수평。여지면관개화대조상비，동혈관개대촉진과실적생장발육화제고과실품질적작용경위명현，과실적평균단과중、과육중가용성고형물급가용성총당적함량화과즙솔최고，3자간적차이체도현저수평（p<0.05）。재상동적관수량조건하，동혈관개적수분이용효솔최대，촉진제등생장급제고산량、품질화개선수체영양상황적작용최호。해연구가위객사특산지감귤절수관개제공삼고。
For developing citrus drought resistance and water saving cultivation techniques in karst mountainous area, the 12 years old Newhall navel orange was used as the testing material to study the effects of cave irrigation, surface irrigation and no irrigation (CK) on the growth of new shoot and fruit, nutrient element contents in the leaves, fruit yield and quality in karst mountainous area. The results showed that the sprouting period of navel orange under cave irrigation and surface irrigation was 30 d earlier than that of no irrigation. The spring shoot growing period and flowering period of navel orange under cave irrigation was 3-7 d earlier than that of surface irrigation and 30 d earlier than that of no irrigation. Under the same irrigation amount, cave irrigation and surface irrigation both could obviously improve the spring shoot growth of navel orange. However, cave irrigation was the best at increasing the number, length, diameter of spring shoot, the number of spring shoot leaf and its leaf area. Its effect on improvement of navel orange spring shoot growth was more obvious than that of surface irrigation. The navel orange leaf age was 26 and 25 months in cave irrigation and surface irrigation respectively. Old leaves fell off in late March to the middle of April and early March to late March in each year in cave irrigation and surface irrigation respectively. Cave irrigation was the best at maintaining leaf healthy and extending leaf life. Leaf life in no irrigation was the shortest, which old leaves fell off in middle of December to late December in each year and the leaf age was only 20 months. The fruits of cave irrigation matured in normal times. The fruit-coloring beginning period of surface irrigation was about 7 to 10 d earlier than that of cave irrigation. The fruit-coloring beginning period of no irrigation was more than 18 and 22 d earlier than that of cave irrigation and was more than 9 and 13 d earlier than that of surface irrigation. Cave irrigation could obviously improve the nutritional condition in navel orange tree. The contents of N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn and B in navel orange leaf under cave irrigation increased a lot. By comparison of the leaf analysis nutrition diagnosis classification standard of citrus, the contents of all kinds of nutrient elements in navel orange leaves reached the optimum values levels under cave irrigation. Cave irrigation could improve fruit growth and quality more obviously compared with surface irrigation and no irrigation. The average weight per fruit, contents of soluble solids and total soluble sugar in sarcocarp and percentage of fruit juice were the highest in cave irrigation. There was significant difference between cave irrigation and surface irrigation, no irrigation (p<0.05). Under the same irrigation amount, cave irrigation played a best role in effectively using water, improving navel orange grow, increasing the yield, improving the quality and nutritional status in navel orange tree. This study can provide a reference for citrus water-saving irrigation in karst mountainous area.