农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2013年
18期
43-50
,共8页
李怡%张国忠%周勇%汲文峰%李兆东%张翼翔%翟康毅
李怡%張國忠%週勇%伋文峰%李兆東%張翼翔%翟康毅
리이%장국충%주용%급문봉%리조동%장익상%적강의
农业机械%秸秆%测量%起拔力
農業機械%秸稈%測量%起拔力
농업궤계%갈간%측량%기발력
agricultural machinery%straw%measurements%drawing resistance
为探讨土壤、棉秆直径、起拔角度等因素对棉秆起拔阻力的影响，该文基于虚拟仪器技术，设计了一套棉秆田间起拔力实时测量系统并进行了棉秆起拔阻力测试试验。该系统由起拔力测量机械装置和起拔力测量软件组成，采用 LabVIEW 进行编程，实现了信号的采集读取、分析运算、实时显示及保存。利用万能材料试验机对该系统测量精度进行了标定，结果显示测量负载最大相对误差为0.4%。分别在土壤干基含水率26.93%、28.13%、25.44%；起拔角度30°、40°、50°；起拔线速度6..28和9.42mm/s条件下，以土壤含水率、棉秆根部直径、起拔角度、起拔线速度为影响因素，进行了田间棉秆起拔力测量单因素试验。试验结果表明，土壤含水率对棉秆起拔力存在影响，棉秆起拔力随棉秆根部直径增大而增大；对起拔角度和起拔线速度的回归分析表明，起拔角度对棉秆起拔力存在显著影响，起拔线速度对棉秆起拔力的影响受土壤条件差异影响，在土壤含水率较低（坚实度高）时，起拔线速度对起拔力影响显著；试验条件下最优起拔角度为30°，最优起拔线速度为6.28 mm/s。该系统能快速完成棉秆起拔力的测试，采集的数据可为棉秆收获机械设计提供参考；合理选择棉秆收获机械起拔角度，有利于减少动力消耗、提高生产效率。
為探討土壤、棉稈直徑、起拔角度等因素對棉稈起拔阻力的影響，該文基于虛擬儀器技術，設計瞭一套棉稈田間起拔力實時測量繫統併進行瞭棉稈起拔阻力測試試驗。該繫統由起拔力測量機械裝置和起拔力測量軟件組成，採用 LabVIEW 進行編程，實現瞭信號的採集讀取、分析運算、實時顯示及保存。利用萬能材料試驗機對該繫統測量精度進行瞭標定，結果顯示測量負載最大相對誤差為0.4%。分彆在土壤榦基含水率26.93%、28.13%、25.44%；起拔角度30°、40°、50°；起拔線速度6..28和9.42mm/s條件下，以土壤含水率、棉稈根部直徑、起拔角度、起拔線速度為影響因素，進行瞭田間棉稈起拔力測量單因素試驗。試驗結果錶明，土壤含水率對棉稈起拔力存在影響，棉稈起拔力隨棉稈根部直徑增大而增大；對起拔角度和起拔線速度的迴歸分析錶明，起拔角度對棉稈起拔力存在顯著影響，起拔線速度對棉稈起拔力的影響受土壤條件差異影響，在土壤含水率較低（堅實度高）時，起拔線速度對起拔力影響顯著；試驗條件下最優起拔角度為30°，最優起拔線速度為6.28 mm/s。該繫統能快速完成棉稈起拔力的測試，採集的數據可為棉稈收穫機械設計提供參攷；閤理選擇棉稈收穫機械起拔角度，有利于減少動力消耗、提高生產效率。
위탐토토양、면간직경、기발각도등인소대면간기발조력적영향，해문기우허의의기기술，설계료일투면간전간기발력실시측량계통병진행료면간기발조력측시시험。해계통유기발력측량궤계장치화기발력측량연건조성，채용 LabVIEW 진행편정，실현료신호적채집독취、분석운산、실시현시급보존。이용만능재료시험궤대해계통측량정도진행료표정，결과현시측량부재최대상대오차위0.4%。분별재토양간기함수솔26.93%、28.13%、25.44%；기발각도30°、40°、50°；기발선속도6..28화9.42mm/s조건하，이토양함수솔、면간근부직경、기발각도、기발선속도위영향인소，진행료전간면간기발력측량단인소시험。시험결과표명，토양함수솔대면간기발력존재영향，면간기발력수면간근부직경증대이증대；대기발각도화기발선속도적회귀분석표명，기발각도대면간기발력존재현저영향，기발선속도대면간기발력적영향수토양조건차이영향，재토양함수솔교저（견실도고）시，기발선속도대기발력영향현저；시험조건하최우기발각도위30°，최우기발선속도위6.28 mm/s。해계통능쾌속완성면간기발력적측시，채집적수거가위면간수획궤계설계제공삼고；합리선택면간수획궤계기발각도，유리우감소동력소모、제고생산효솔。
The annual production of cotton stalks is about 22.8 million tons in China. As a by-product of cotton industry, cotton stalks not only can be used in the production of renewable biomass energy, but also can be utilized in papermaking or production of wood-based panels and so on. Because of the varying diameters of cotton main stalks, and the higher harvesting intensity and power consumption associated with thicker stalks, studies on cotton stalk mechanical harvesting technology have been one of the key problems in cotton mechanization technology research in recent years. In order to study the influence of factors such as soil, cotton stalk diameter, and draft angle on the stalk drawing resistance, a set of real-time drawing resistance measurement programs for cotton stalk was designed based on virtual instrument technology, and a kind of adjustable motor drawing device for cotton stalk was developed. The stalk draft resistance was tested with the system, which consisted of the software and the device. The system was programmed with LabVIEW graphical editor language to automate data collection and reading, data analysis and computing, real-time display, and archival. The drawing device was made up of a pair of drawing clips, a drawing sleeve, a tension sensor, a drawing rod, a reel, a wire rope, a frame, a pulley, and a support frame. The universal material mechanical performance testing machine was used to calibrate the drawing resistance measurement system. Experimental results showed that the measurement system was able to accurately measure the output signal of the tension sensor, with a maximum error was 0.405%between the output load from universal testing machine and the input load from measurement program, which had a high value for practical application. The field experiments of pulling the cotton stalks were conducted in the experimental field of Huazhong Agricultural University. The row spacing of cotton stalks in this experimental plot was 800 mm, and the plant spacing was about 450mm. The experiments were conducted during the period of January to March in 2013. The field experiments of pulling the cotton stalks involved variable soil moisture (26.93%, 28.13%, and 25.44%), cotton root diameter, draft angle (30°, 40°, and 50°), and draft speed (9.42 mm/s and 6.28 mm/s) as influencing factors. The stalk branches were excised and the main stalk was reserved with length of 300 mm before the experiments. After putting the stalk into the drawing sleeve and locking onto it, the stepper motor was turned on, and the reel pulling the rope which pulled the sleeve, and the sensor was set between the rope and sleeve to measure the draft resistance. The field experiment results showed that there was a positive linear correlation between cotton root diameter and cotton stalk draft resistance in the same soil condition, and there existed a negative linear relationship between the draft resistance and soil moisture. Changes in soil moisture had an enormous influence on drawing resistance. The regression analysis showed the fitting equation was significant, and its R2 was 0.764. The draft angle had significant influence on the stalk draft resistance, and the optimal draft angle was 30° under the test conditions. The influence of draft resistance on the draft speed was related to the soil condition, which was no significant impact on the drawing resistance with high soil moisture and low soil firmness, but the effect was opposite with the low soil moisture and high soil compactness when the optimal drawing speed was 6.28mm/s under the test conditions. We conclude that it is quite favorable for reducing power consumption and improving harvest efficiency byto select the appropriate harvest time according to soil conditions. The measurement system was able to quickly complete the draft resistance measurement during the whole process of the draft test. The measurement system was easy to operate and control, it was able to quickly complete the draft resistance measurement during the test, and the data collected were accurate and effective, which could provide mechanics and structural parameters for the study of cotton stalk harvest machinery and the research of cotton stalk draft resistance.
