农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2013年
18期
1-7
,共7页
渠道%工程管理%效率%渠系%指标体系%水利用效率
渠道%工程管理%效率%渠繫%指標體繫%水利用效率
거도%공정관리%효솔%거계%지표체계%수이용효솔
canals%project management%efficiency%canal-system%assessment indicator%water use efficiency
为分析评价灌区工程状况、管理水平等不同因素对渠系水利用效率的影响，该文对传统渠系水利用效率指标体系作了修正，提出由渠道输水效率、渠系输水效率、渠系配水效率、渠系水利用效率组成的灌区渠系水利用效率指标体系，并分别给出了这些指标的定义、内涵及其确定方法，结合实例分析了该指标体系的合理性。渠道输水效率（Eca）及渠系输水效率（Ec）主要反映灌区渠系工程状况对水利用效率的影响，可由静水法或动水法直接测定某级渠道的渠道输水效率，然后采用各级渠道输水效率连乘的方法确定渠系输水效率；渠系水利用效率（Ecs）综合反映了渠系工程状况和用水管理水平对水利用效率的影响，采用首尾测算法直接得到，也可由灌溉水利用效率除以田间水利用效率间接分析得到；渠系配水效率（Ed）主要反映灌区管理水平对水利用效率的影响，在求得渠系水利用效率和渠系输水效率后，由渠系水利用效率除以渠系输水效率得到。该文所构建的指标体系能满足灌区不同阶段、不同目的开展的渠系水利用效率评价需求，为灌区工程投资分配决策、工程运行状况及用水管理水平评价提供依据。
為分析評價灌區工程狀況、管理水平等不同因素對渠繫水利用效率的影響，該文對傳統渠繫水利用效率指標體繫作瞭脩正，提齣由渠道輸水效率、渠繫輸水效率、渠繫配水效率、渠繫水利用效率組成的灌區渠繫水利用效率指標體繫，併分彆給齣瞭這些指標的定義、內涵及其確定方法，結閤實例分析瞭該指標體繫的閤理性。渠道輸水效率（Eca）及渠繫輸水效率（Ec）主要反映灌區渠繫工程狀況對水利用效率的影響，可由靜水法或動水法直接測定某級渠道的渠道輸水效率，然後採用各級渠道輸水效率連乘的方法確定渠繫輸水效率；渠繫水利用效率（Ecs）綜閤反映瞭渠繫工程狀況和用水管理水平對水利用效率的影響，採用首尾測算法直接得到，也可由灌溉水利用效率除以田間水利用效率間接分析得到；渠繫配水效率（Ed）主要反映灌區管理水平對水利用效率的影響，在求得渠繫水利用效率和渠繫輸水效率後，由渠繫水利用效率除以渠繫輸水效率得到。該文所構建的指標體繫能滿足灌區不同階段、不同目的開展的渠繫水利用效率評價需求，為灌區工程投資分配決策、工程運行狀況及用水管理水平評價提供依據。
위분석평개관구공정상황、관리수평등불동인소대거계수이용효솔적영향，해문대전통거계수이용효솔지표체계작료수정，제출유거도수수효솔、거계수수효솔、거계배수효솔、거계수이용효솔조성적관구거계수이용효솔지표체계，병분별급출료저사지표적정의、내함급기학정방법，결합실례분석료해지표체계적합이성。거도수수효솔（Eca）급거계수수효솔（Ec）주요반영관구거계공정상황대수이용효솔적영향，가유정수법혹동수법직접측정모급거도적거도수수효솔，연후채용각급거도수수효솔련승적방법학정거계수수효솔；거계수이용효솔（Ecs）종합반영료거계공정상황화용수관리수평대수이용효솔적영향，채용수미측산법직접득도，야가유관개수이용효솔제이전간수이용효솔간접분석득도；거계배수효솔（Ed）주요반영관구관리수평대수이용효솔적영향，재구득거계수이용효솔화거계수수효솔후，유거계수이용효솔제이거계수수효솔득도。해문소구건적지표체계능만족관구불동계단、불동목적개전적거계수이용효솔평개수구，위관구공정투자분배결책、공정운행상황급용수관리수평평개제공의거。
Existing canal-system water use efficiency (CSWUE) specifically reflects canal engineering conditions impacts on water conveyance efficiency, including the influences of engineering conditions and management level to water use efficiency of canal-system, namely can't distinguish the impacts between engineering conditions and management level to water use efficiency. So, the existing assessment indicator may lead to an excessive emphasis in engineering measures (such as channel lining), such as rational water allocation to raise CSWUE and cannot be scientific developing water-saving irrigation strategy, while ignoring the management measures. In order to analysis the influence factors of engineering conditions and management level respectively to CSWUE, a new assessment indicator system of CSWUE is proposed based on the modified assessment indicators. The new assessment indicator system including canal conveyance efficiency (Eca), canal-system conveyance efficiency (EC), canal-system distribution efficiency(Ed) and water use efficiency of canal system (Ecs). The definitions, connotations and the determine methods for these indicators are given. The rationality of the assessment indicator system is also tested by case study. Eca is the ratio of net outflow to gross inflow of a certain canal under normal operation conditions. EC is the ratio of net outflow to gross inflow of a canal-system under normal operation conditions during an irrigation period. Ed is the ratio of net inflow to the fields to net outflow from a canal system under normal operation conditions during an irrigation period. Ecs is the ratio of net inflow to the fields to gross inflow from a canal system under normal operation conditions during an irrigation period. Eca and EC revealed the impacts of engineering conditions to water use efficiency, and can be determined by still water measurement or dynamic water measurement methods. Ecs revealed the impacts of engineering conditions and management level to water use efficiency, and can be determined by the ratio of net outflow and gross inflow of a canal-system, or determined by irrigation efficiency divided by field water use efficiency. Ed revealed the impacts of management level to water use efficiency, and can be determined by Eca divided by Ecs. The new assessment indicator system can satisfy the needs of different development stages of irrigation system and different purposes of canal-system water use efficiency assessment, and propose the guide for irrigation project investment allocation, engineering operation and water management assessment.
