CAJ | 학술논문

为了提高颗粒肥撒施的均匀性和一致性，该文设计了一种锥盘式撒肥机构，通过对锥盘式撒肥机构工作性能的分析，建立了肥料颗粒的受力方程。通过撒肥试验，研究喂入区大小、甩盘转速、甩肥高度对撒肥区域内肥料分布规律的影响。试验结果表明：喂入区大小对肥料颗粒的横向幅宽分布影响较大，对纵向分布影响较小，施肥作业中合理的喂入角为75°；随着甩盘转速的增加，有效施肥区域的横向幅宽和纵向距离均逐渐增大，而且施肥的均匀性和一致性也不断提高，合理转速为600 r/min；施肥高度对施肥幅宽分布和一致性没有显著影响。研究结果可为颗粒肥撒施机的设计提供参考。
위료제고과립비살시적균균성화일치성，해문설계료일충추반식살비궤구，통과대추반식살비궤구공작성능적분석，건립료비료과립적수력방정。통과살비시험，연구위입구대소、솔반전속、솔비고도대살비구역내비료분포규률적영향。시험결과표명：위입구대소대비료과립적횡향폭관분포영향교대，대종향분포영향교소，시비작업중합리적위입각위75°；수착솔반전속적증가，유효시비구역적횡향폭관화종향거리균축점증대，이차시비적균균성화일치성야불단제고，합리전속위600 r/min；시비고도대시비폭관분포화일치성몰유현저영향。연구결과가위과립비살시궤적설계제공삼고。
The fertilization in seedling stage is an important link in paddy production, which plays an important role in ensuring the high yield of rice. The traditional way of fertilizing is manual fertilization of high labor intensity. Granular fertilizers are the most common type of agricultural fertilizer, since they are easily produced, transported, and applied. In order to be effective, however, granular fertilizers must be properly handled and distributed. However, manual fertilization has several disadvantages, such as heavy labor intensity, poor uniformity, and so on. The poor uniformity will easily lead to the uneven growth of rice in the same region, thus impacting the rice yield. Therefore, in the process of rice production, mechanization of fertilization is badly in need of solving these problems. A centrifugal distributor is a kind of fertilizer applicator used generally at present. The principle is spreading out the fertilizer using centrifugal force by the output shaft driving the rotary distributor disk. The distributor’s mechanism adopts a disc type. The configuration is divided into single disc and opposed-double disc. The relative theoretical research is conducted on the assumption that the distributor plate is not conical and the blade is particle. The theoretical research plays a key role in further optimizing the granular fertilizer spreader. The traditional centrifugal fertilizing machine is used in order to make sure that the fertilizer can be spread out smoothly from the disc. Usually 2~4 vanes are arranged on the disc. The shape of the blade could be straight or curved. The blade installations should be radial type, forward type, and backward type. A centrifugal spreader is currently widely used, and one of the most common granular fertilizer application devices is the spinner spreader. The spinner spreader consists of a rotating disc with vanes bolted to the disc surface. Fertilizer poured onto the spinner is thrown onto the ground after colliding with the rotating vanes. The chief advantages of the spinner spreader are that it has a large spread width, combined with small size. The performance of spinner spreaders has been widely investigated. These investigations have greatly increased our understanding of how to model the dynamics of particles distributed by a spinner spreader. This paper analyzes the mechanism performance of the cone disc spreader, and explores the motion and distribution characteristics of fertilizer in the process of fertilization, to provide a theoretical basis for the design of a rice seedlings and fertilizer machine. This study designed a cylindrical disk for the fertilization mechanism, composed by a disk body, guide rail, and the boss. The swing plate body is like a rotating parabolic. The rail track is an involute spiral, with triangular sections. The spreading process includes:fertilizer particles fall into the feed area under the impact of gravity;under the rotating force, the fertilizer particles then quickly gain the initial velocity and do accelerated motion along the involute spiral guide. The fertilizer particle has higher speed moving to the left edge of the disk and does a projectile motion in the air until the fertilizer particle falls to the ground to complete the spreading process. For the convenience of theoretical analysis, a single fertilizer particle is simplified into a rigid particle. The fertilizer granules were analyzed during the movement. The rotating disk’s minimum speed can be determined. We analyzed the movement after the rejection, such as the motion time, throwing distance, and width. Theoretically, the fertilizer particles’ feeding angle is equal to the throw angle on the swing disc spreader. The experiment is adopted to discuss the feeding area angle, the speed, and the impact of throwing disc height change on the rotating fertilizer law. The main factors affecting the left disc spreader’s width are size and speed. The main factors influencing the left disc spreader’s distance are the speed and height. The reasonable feeding angle is 75°, and the reasonable speed is 600 r/min.