农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2013年
24期
25-32
,共8页
邱白晶%王立伟%蔡东林%吴建浩%丁国荣%管贤平
邱白晶%王立偉%蔡東林%吳建浩%丁國榮%管賢平
구백정%왕립위%채동림%오건호%정국영%관현평
无人直升机%喷雾%试验%沉积浓度%沉积均匀性%飞行高度%飞行速度
無人直升機%噴霧%試驗%沉積濃度%沉積均勻性%飛行高度%飛行速度
무인직승궤%분무%시험%침적농도%침적균균성%비행고도%비행속도
unmanned aerial vehicles%spraying%experiments%deposition concentration%deposition uniformity%flight height%flight velocity
为了找出小型无人直升机喷洒农药时影响农药沉积的因素及各因素对农药沉积的影响程度，并通过试验制定相应的试验方法和规范，该文采用二因素三水平试验方法安排试验，研究了无人直升机喷雾沉积浓度，沉积均匀性与飞机飞行高度，飞行速度及两因素间的交互作用的关系，分别建立了试验指标之沉积浓度，沉积均匀性与飞行速度和飞行高度之间的关系模型。对试验样本进行方差分析和回归分析（显著性水平α取0.05），结果表明：飞行高度，飞行速度及两因素间的交互作用对沉积浓度的影响极显著，对应的 P-value 值分别为2.0684×10-4，8.2190×10-5，9.7052×10-5；飞行高度和飞行速度对沉积均匀性的影响极显著，对应的P-value值分别为9.8410×10-3，1.1550×10-3；两因素间的交互作用对沉积均匀性影响显著，对应的P-value值为2.5594×10-2。分别建立的沉积浓度，沉积均匀性与飞行速度和飞行高度之间的关系模型，在飞行速度和飞行高度区间范围内失拟不显著，对应的失拟性检验结果分别为：FLf=3.7024<F0.1(3,1)=53.5932，FLf=17.60<F0.1(3,1)=53.5932，可以为实际生产应用提供指导。小型无人直升机喷洒农药时，影响沉积浓度及均匀性的因素有：飞行高度，飞行速度及两因素间的交互作用。建立的沉积浓度，沉积均匀性与飞行高度和飞行速度两因素关系模型可以为实际生产应用提供指导。
為瞭找齣小型無人直升機噴灑農藥時影響農藥沉積的因素及各因素對農藥沉積的影響程度，併通過試驗製定相應的試驗方法和規範，該文採用二因素三水平試驗方法安排試驗，研究瞭無人直升機噴霧沉積濃度，沉積均勻性與飛機飛行高度，飛行速度及兩因素間的交互作用的關繫，分彆建立瞭試驗指標之沉積濃度，沉積均勻性與飛行速度和飛行高度之間的關繫模型。對試驗樣本進行方差分析和迴歸分析（顯著性水平α取0.05），結果錶明：飛行高度，飛行速度及兩因素間的交互作用對沉積濃度的影響極顯著，對應的 P-value 值分彆為2.0684×10-4，8.2190×10-5，9.7052×10-5；飛行高度和飛行速度對沉積均勻性的影響極顯著，對應的P-value值分彆為9.8410×10-3，1.1550×10-3；兩因素間的交互作用對沉積均勻性影響顯著，對應的P-value值為2.5594×10-2。分彆建立的沉積濃度，沉積均勻性與飛行速度和飛行高度之間的關繫模型，在飛行速度和飛行高度區間範圍內失擬不顯著，對應的失擬性檢驗結果分彆為：FLf=3.7024<F0.1(3,1)=53.5932，FLf=17.60<F0.1(3,1)=53.5932，可以為實際生產應用提供指導。小型無人直升機噴灑農藥時，影響沉積濃度及均勻性的因素有：飛行高度，飛行速度及兩因素間的交互作用。建立的沉積濃度，沉積均勻性與飛行高度和飛行速度兩因素關繫模型可以為實際生產應用提供指導。
위료조출소형무인직승궤분쇄농약시영향농약침적적인소급각인소대농약침적적영향정도，병통과시험제정상응적시험방법화규범，해문채용이인소삼수평시험방법안배시험，연구료무인직승궤분무침적농도，침적균균성여비궤비행고도，비행속도급량인소간적교호작용적관계，분별건립료시험지표지침적농도，침적균균성여비행속도화비행고도지간적관계모형。대시험양본진행방차분석화회귀분석（현저성수평α취0.05），결과표명：비행고도，비행속도급량인소간적교호작용대침적농도적영향겁현저，대응적 P-value 치분별위2.0684×10-4，8.2190×10-5，9.7052×10-5；비행고도화비행속도대침적균균성적영향겁현저，대응적P-value치분별위9.8410×10-3，1.1550×10-3；량인소간적교호작용대침적균균성영향현저，대응적P-value치위2.5594×10-2。분별건립적침적농도，침적균균성여비행속도화비행고도지간적관계모형，재비행속도화비행고도구간범위내실의불현저，대응적실의성검험결과분별위：FLf=3.7024<F0.1(3,1)=53.5932，FLf=17.60<F0.1(3,1)=53.5932，가이위실제생산응용제공지도。소형무인직승궤분쇄농약시，영향침적농도급균균성적인소유：비행고도，비행속도급량인소간적교호작용。건립적침적농도，침적균균성여비행고도화비행속도량인소관계모형가이위실제생산응용제공지도。
In order to find out the factors and degree of influence affecting small unmanned helicopter spray deposition, and formulate the corresponding test methods and specifications through experimental results, this paper studied the relationship between spray deposition characteristics and flight height, flight velocity of an unmanned helicopter and the interaction between two factors, and arranged a test by a second factor three level test. An experiment was conducted with a diameter of 90 mm glass sample dish as collecting droplets sampling tools, setting up six sampling points, with the interval of sampling being 5 m, and each sample dish was placed on the top of wheat, about 0.8 m. Then 10 mL of distilled water was added in the sample plate in advance as a sample base to collect settlement droplets in the spray test. A 4 g/L carmine solution was selected as medium for spraying, monitored wind speed of flight direction refer to meteorological station monitoring method in spraying test, at the same time, monitored humidity and temperature. Then t the collected samples were measured by UV-2102 PCS type ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, first, scan absorption wavelength of carmine solution, selecting λ=508 nm as the measurement wavelength to measure absorbance. Secondly, a carmine standard solution was prepared in 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 g/L to establish a mathematical model of concentration and absorbance and convert concentration into absorbance under the established wavelength, and convert taken samples measurement results into concentration according to the mathematical model. Finally, absorbance of taken samples were converted into mass concentration, that is a quality of carmine per square centimeter as the experimental results for data analysis. Next, the significance level α = 0.05 was selected. The average concentration and the coefficient of variation to variance and regression analysis was selected to study the degree of effect of unmanned helicopter flight velocity, flight height, and interaction of these two factors to deposition concentration and deposition uniform. The analysis results showed that:flight height, flight velocity of unmanned helicopter, and the interaction between these two factors have a very significant impact on the deposition concentration, the respective P-value values is 2.0684×10-4, 8.2190×10-,5 and 9.7052×10-5; flight height, flight velocity of an unmanned helicopter has a very significant impact on the deposition uniformity, the respective P-value values are 9.8410×10-3 and 1.1550×10-3;the interaction between the two factors have a significant impact on the deposition uniformity, and the P-value values are 2.5594×10-2. The model established respectively between deposition concentration, deposition uniformity and flight height, flight velocity, in interval range of the flight velocity and flight height was not significant, and the respective regression equation lost to test is FLf=3.7024<F0.1(3,1)=53.5932, FLf=17.60<F0.1(3,1)=53.5932. These results can provide guidance for the actual production application. Therefore, the factors affecting deposition and uniformity are:flight altitude, flight speed, and the interaction between the two factors. The model established respectively between deposition concentration, deposition uniformity and flight height, and flight velocity can provide guidance for the actual production application.
