CAJ | 학술논문

优良品种是粮食增产的基础，而正确的育种方向对选育优良品种至关重要。根据河南省情和粮食生产实际，利用粮食生产统计数据，对河南省粮食生产现状和影响因素进行分析。结果表明，河南省粮食总产增长主要是依赖粮食单产的增长，而且主要是由小麦、玉米产量的增长实现的。气象灾害频繁，抗灾能力不强；化肥投入过量，物质转化效率下降，农业面源污染加剧。耕地质量和分布不平衡，中低产田具有增产潜力。作物育种过程中重视产量性状，忽视相关性状；种质资源狭窄，导致主导品种单一。由于农村劳动力转移，种粮人数减少，在此基础上，提出了高产性、高效性、适应性、抗逆性、专用性和安全性的作物育种方向。通过育种方向的调整，提高粮食作物育种水平，培育优良品种，实现粮食生产的土地集约利用、物质集约节本、劳动集约替代、环境集约减损、技术集约高效，促进粮食生产持续稳定发展。
우량품충시양식증산적기출，이정학적육충방향대선육우량품충지관중요。근거하남성정화양식생산실제，이용양식생산통계수거，대하남성양식생산현상화영향인소진행분석。결과표명，하남성양식총산증장주요시의뢰양식단산적증장，이차주요시유소맥、옥미산량적증장실현적。기상재해빈번，항재능력불강；화비투입과량，물질전화효솔하강，농업면원오염가극。경지질량화분포불평형，중저산전구유증산잠력。작물육충과정중중시산량성상，홀시상관성상；충질자원협착，도치주도품충단일。유우농촌노동력전이，충량인수감소，재차기출상，제출료고산성、고효성、괄응성、항역성、전용성화안전성적작물육충방향。통과육충방향적조정，제고양식작물육충수평，배육우량품충，실현양식생산적토지집약이용、물질집약절본、노동집약체대、배경집약감손、기술집약고효，촉진양식생산지속은정발전。
T he fine varieties are the basis for food production ,and the proper breeding direction is es-sential for breeding good varieties .Based on the circumstances and grain production reality in Henan province ,the statistic data of grain production were used to analyze the current situation of grain pro-duction and the influencing factors .The result showed that ,in Henan ,the increase of total grain out-put mainly relied on the growth of yield per unit area ,which was realized by inceasing the wheat and corn output .The meteorological disasters were frequent ,the anti-disaster ability was weak ,the chem-ical fertilizer investment was excessive ,the material transformation efficiency was low ,and the agri-cultural non-point source pollution became serious .The quality and distribution of farm land were un-balanced ,and the medium and low yielding farmland had the increasing potential of production .In the process of crop breeding ,much attention was put on the yield characters while the related characters w ere neglected ;the germplasm resources w ere narrow ,leading to the simplification of leading varie-ties .The number of farmers decreased because of the shift of rural labor force .Based on above analy-sis ,the crop breeding direction was proposed :high yield ,high efficiency ,adaptability ,stress resist-ance ,special-purpose and security .T hrough the adjustment of breeding direction ,the breeding level of food crops could be improved and fine varieties could be bred ,so as to realize the intensive use of land ,the intensive cost-saving of material ,the intensive substitution of labour force ,the intensive loss reducing of environment and the intensive high-efficiency of technology in grain production ,and pro-mote the sustainable and stable development of grain production .