CAJ | 학술논문

为探明氮肥不同用量条件下砂姜黑土玉米生长及水分利用的特征，采用田间试验，研究了不同用量氮肥对玉米不同生育期土壤水分、农艺性状、成产要素、产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明：施用氮肥提高了0～100 cm剖面土壤含水量，尤其是360 kg/hm2氮肥处理效果最佳。在玉米不同生育期，360 kg/hm2氮肥处理的植株叶片数、株高和茎粗均高于其他处理。在成熟期，随氮肥用量的增加，玉米地上部生物量表现为先下降后增加再下降再增加的趋势，各处理中以540 kg/hm2氮肥处理的生物量最大，较对照（不施氮肥）增加31．9％，而90 kg/hm2和360 kg/hm2处理显著低于对照。随着氮肥用量的增加，玉米产量和水分利用效率均表现为先增加后逐渐降低的趋势。各处理中以270 kg/hm2氮肥处理的产量最高，而水分利用效率以360 kg/hm2氮肥处理最高，但其与270 kg/hm2处理差异不显著。综上所述，从多因素考虑，270 kg/hm2为最佳氮肥用量。
위탐명담비불동용량조건하사강흑토옥미생장급수분이용적특정，채용전간시험，연구료불동용량담비대옥미불동생육기토양수분、농예성상、성산요소、산량급수분이용적영향。결과표명：시용담비제고료0～100 cm부면토양함수량，우기시360 kg/hm2담비처리효과최가。재옥미불동생육기，360 kg/hm2담비처리적식주협편수、주고화경조균고우기타처리。재성숙기，수담비용량적증가，옥미지상부생물량표현위선하강후증가재하강재증가적추세，각처리중이540 kg/hm2담비처리적생물량최대，교대조（불시담비）증가31．9％，이90 kg/hm2화360 kg/hm2처리현저저우대조。수착담비용량적증가，옥미산량화수분이용효솔균표현위선증가후축점강저적추세。각처리중이270 kg/hm2담비처리적산량최고，이수분이용효솔이360 kg/hm2담비처리최고，단기여270 kg/hm2처리차이불현저。종상소술，종다인소고필，270 kg/hm2위최가담비용량。
In order to ascertain the effects of different application levels of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and water utilization of maize under Shajiang black soil ,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different dosage of nitrogen fertilizer on soil moisture ,maize agronomic characters ,production elements ,yield and water utilization .The results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer improved soil moisture content in the 0-100 cm deep soil ,especially the treatment with 360 kg/ha nitrogen .And when the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer was 360 kg/ha ,the maize leaf number ,plant height ,and stem diameter were significantly higher than other treatments at diffe-rent maize grow th period .With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer ,the biomass increased first and then decreased ,that of the treatment with 540 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer was the largest ,which in-creased by 31 .9% compared with the CK ,while the biomass of the treatment with 90 kg/ha and 360 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer was significantly lower than the CK .What’more ,maize yield and water use efficiency increased first and then reduced gradually with the increase of nitrogen fertil-izer .While the highest yield was founded in the treatment with 270 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer ,and the highest water use efficiency occurred in the treatment with 360 kg/ha compared with the other treatments ,but which was no significant differences compared with the treatment with 270 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer .It was concluded that the dosage of 270 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare is rec-ommendated according to the comprehensive factors .