CAJ | 학술논문

采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对13种榕属（Fieus）植物的叶片进行了解剖结构和表皮形态观察．结果表明，13种榕属植物中有11种为异面叶，2种为等面叶，叶肉都具有分泌细胞．在11种具有异面叶的植物中，上下表皮都有复表皮层，其中2种植物的上复表皮具4～5层细胞、3种具3～4层细胞、6种具2—3层细胞．气孔分布在下表皮并下陷，保卫细胞通常与下复表皮的第2层细胞处于同一平面，都具有明显的角质层．大叶榕（Fyirer~Ait．）和菩提榕（FreligiosaLinn．）2种植物为等面叶，其上下表皮由单层细胞组成，保卫细胞位于下表皮，与第1层表皮细胞处于同一平面．扫描电镜显示，紫叶橡皮榕（FelastieaCV．DecoraBurgundy）、金钱榕（Felasticavat．variegata）、印度橡皮榕（FelasticaRoxb．exHornem．）、高山榕（FaltissimaB1．）、黄金榕（FmicrocarpaCV．GoldenLeaves）、花叶榕（FbenjaminaCV．GoldenPrincess）、枕果榕（FdrupaceaThunb．）、琴叶榕（FpandurataHance）、垂叶榕（FbenjaminaLinn．）、竹叶榕（FstenophyllaHwsml．）和小叶榕（FmicrocarpaLinn．f．）具有气孔器外拱盖，且气孔器外拱盖缘明显，气孔器下陷；大叶榕和菩提榕无气孔器外拱盖，气孔器凸起．根据叶片的形态结构特征，采用方差分析和多重比较对13种榕属植物在园林运用中的环境适应性进行了探讨．
채용광학현미경화소묘전자현미경대13충용속（Fieus）식물적협편진행료해부결구화표피형태관찰．결과표명，13충용속식물중유11충위이면협，2충위등면협，협육도구유분비세포．재11충구유이면협적식물중，상하표피도유복표피층，기중2충식물적상복표피구4～5층세포、3충구3～4층세포、6충구2—3층세포．기공분포재하표피병하함，보위세포통상여하복표피적제2층세포처우동일평면，도구유명현적각질층．대협용（Fyirer~Ait．）화보제용（FreligiosaLinn．）2충식물위등면협，기상하표피유단층세포조성，보위세포위우하표피，여제1층표피세포처우동일평면．소묘전경현시，자협상피용（FelastieaCV．DecoraBurgundy）、금전용（Felasticavat．variegata）、인도상피용（FelasticaRoxb．exHornem．）、고산용（FaltissimaB1．）、황금용（FmicrocarpaCV．GoldenLeaves）、화협용（FbenjaminaCV．GoldenPrincess）、침과용（FdrupaceaThunb．）、금협용（FpandurataHance）、수협용（FbenjaminaLinn．）、죽협용（FstenophyllaHwsml．）화소협용（FmicrocarpaLinn．f．）구유기공기외공개，차기공기외공개연명현，기공기하함；대협용화보제용무기공기외공개，기공기철기．근거협편적형태결구특정，채용방차분석화다중비교대13충용속식물재완림운용중적배경괄응성진행료탐토．
The observation of foliar anatomical structure and epidermis aspects of 13 ficus plants were demonstrated by light microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that a- mong the 13 ficus plants, the leaves of 11 species are bifacial leaves and those of 2 species are isobilater- al leaves; and all of them have secretory cells. The 11 species, with obvious horny layer, have multiple epidermis both on the upper and lower epidermis ; while the remaining 2 species have only 1 layer of epi- dermis; 2 species have the upper epidermis of 4 to 5 layers, 3 species with 3 to 4 layers, 6 species with 2 to 3 layers, 1 specie with 2 layers. Stomas in a sunken form distribute in lower epidermis, the guard cells, together with the second layer cells of lower epidermis, exist in the same plane, whereas the guard cells of F. virens Air. and E religiosa Linn. together with the cells of the first layer of lower epider- mis exist in the same plane. Scanning electron microscopy showed that F. elastica cv. Decora Burgundy, F. elastica var. variegata, F. elastica Roxb. ex Hornem., F. altissima BI., F. microcarpa cv. Golden Leaves, F. benjaminacv. Golden Princess, E drupacea Thunb., F. pandurata Hance, F. benjamina IAnn., F. stenophyllaHwsml. and F. microcarpa Linn. f. have outer stomatal rims, and their stomas are sunken;while F. virens Ait. and F. religiosa Linn. do not have outer stomatal rims, and their stomas are upward. According to mor- phological characteristics of leaves, the environmental adaptabilities of the 13 ficus plants in garden were discussed by using analysis of variance and multiple comparison.