气象与环境学报
氣象與環境學報
기상여배경학보
JOURNAL OF METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2012年
6期
58-64
,共7页
短时强降水%短波扰动%强降水落区%冷空气%雷达回波
短時彊降水%短波擾動%彊降水落區%冷空氣%雷達迴波
단시강강수%단파우동%강강수락구%랭공기%뢰체회파
Short-time heavy rainfall%Short-wave disturbance%Falling area of strong rainfall%Cold air%Radar echo
利用吉林省加密站实时观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和白山观测站多普勒雷达资料等，对2010年7月31日吉林省东南部短时强降水天气过程进行分析。结果表明：500hPa平直锋区上短波扰动出现往往伴随强对流天气的发生；上冷下暖的热力垂直结构有利于低层辐合抬升；当风场引起的辐合抬升仅存在于底层时降水不会发生，故更需关注整层风场的结构变化。强降水水汽来自于暴雨区前期降水的积累，缺外来水汽的持续输送是此次强降水历时短的主要原因之一。小股冷空气入侵高温高湿气团是导致不稳定能量释放的主要原因，强降水落区对应于冷空气侵入高能区位置，强降水时段对应K指数由极大值减小的过程。多普勒雷达资料中雷达回波的强度和缺口、径向速度的大小和零线形状以及逆风区，对预报短时强降水具有较好的指示意义。
利用吉林省加密站實時觀測資料、NCEP1°×1°再分析資料和白山觀測站多普勒雷達資料等，對2010年7月31日吉林省東南部短時彊降水天氣過程進行分析。結果錶明：500hPa平直鋒區上短波擾動齣現往往伴隨彊對流天氣的髮生；上冷下暖的熱力垂直結構有利于低層輻閤抬升；噹風場引起的輻閤抬升僅存在于底層時降水不會髮生，故更需關註整層風場的結構變化。彊降水水汽來自于暴雨區前期降水的積纍，缺外來水汽的持續輸送是此次彊降水歷時短的主要原因之一。小股冷空氣入侵高溫高濕氣糰是導緻不穩定能量釋放的主要原因，彊降水落區對應于冷空氣侵入高能區位置，彊降水時段對應K指數由極大值減小的過程。多普勒雷達資料中雷達迴波的彊度和缺口、徑嚮速度的大小和零線形狀以及逆風區，對預報短時彊降水具有較好的指示意義。
이용길림성가밀참실시관측자료、NCEP1°×1°재분석자료화백산관측참다보륵뢰체자료등，대2010년7월31일길림성동남부단시강강수천기과정진행분석。결과표명：500hPa평직봉구상단파우동출현왕왕반수강대류천기적발생；상랭하난적열력수직결구유리우저층복합태승；당풍장인기적복합태승부존재우저층시강수불회발생，고경수관주정층풍장적결구변화。강강수수기래자우폭우구전기강수적적루，결외래수기적지속수송시차차강강수력시단적주요원인지일。소고랭공기입침고온고습기단시도치불은정능량석방적주요원인，강강수락구대응우랭공기침입고능구위치，강강수시단대응K지수유겁대치감소적과정。다보륵뢰체자료중뢰체회파적강도화결구、경향속도적대소화령선형상이급역풍구，대예보단시강강수구유교호적지시의의。
Based on the real-time observational data from the dense weather stations, the NCEP reanalysis data with 1°×1° resolution and Dopplor radar data in Baishan,a short-time heavy rainfall process on July 31,2010 in the southeast of Jilin province was analyzed. The results show that a small short-wave disturbance appears in 500 hPa fiat front area accompanied by severe connective weather. The thermal vertical structure which is cold in upper lev- el and warm in low level is favorable to lifting of low level convergence. Precipitation does not occur when conver- gence lifting caused by wind field only exists in the bottom, so one must pay attention to the structure change of the whole field wind. Water vapor is from accumulation of prophase precipitation, and lacking water vapor trans- portation is one of the main reasons that this rainfall lasts in only short period. The invasion of small stock cold air in the high energy region is the trigger origin of heavy precipitation. The location of strong rainfall falling area cor- responds to that of the high energy area invaded by cold air, and so is the period of the heavy rainfall and the process that the K index decreases from the maximum value, then unstable energy releases quickly. The intensity and gap of radar echo, the intensity of radical velocity, zero velocity line shape, and headwind area are indicative to the heavy rainfall.
