CAJ | 학술논문

通过对河北省太行山前平原小麦养分资源管理现状的分析与评价,揭示该区域小麦养分资源管理中存在的主要问题,以期为该地区乃至河北省小麦粮食高产、养分资源高效与可持续利用提供参考依据。2009～2010年选择河北省太行山前平原小麦主产区的藁城、正定和无极3个典型县（市）,根据当地产量水平、土壤肥力、施肥习惯并结合行政区划,对三县（市）34个乡镇308个行政村917名农户的小麦产量、施用化肥品种、化肥养分含量和施肥量等进行调查,利用文献并结合专家推荐,对小麦生产中氮、磷、钾养分资源管理现状进行了分析和评价。结果表明：该区域小麦氮、磷、钾养分平均投入量分别为250.5 kg/hm2、133.5 kg/hm2和45.0 kg/hm2;基、追氮肥平均投入量分别为90.6 kg/hm2和153.7 kg/hm2,氮肥基追比平均为1∶1.7;氮、磷、钾养分偏生产力分别为30.2 kg/kg、65.5 kg/kg和139.1 kg/kg。小麦养分资源管理中存在氮、磷养分投入总体偏高,钾素投入不均衡,氮肥基、追投入量较高,且部分农户氮肥基追比例不适宜,氮、磷、钾养分偏生产力低下等问题。因此,在小麦养分资源管理中,应采取＂氮肥总量控制、分期调控,磷、钾衡量监控＂的策略,即：根据土壤肥力和目标产量确定适宜施氮总量,依据氮肥合理的基追比分期调控基氮和追氮的施用量,并利用＂3414＂试验建立不同土壤肥力条件下磷、钾养分推荐施肥指标体系,依据土壤肥力和目标产量合理施用磷、钾化肥。
통과대하북성태행산전평원소맥양분자원관리현상적분석여평개,게시해구역소맥양분자원관리중존재적주요문제,이기위해지구내지하북성소맥양식고산、양분자원고효여가지속이용제공삼고의거。2009～2010년선택하북성태행산전평원소맥주산구적고성、정정화무겁3개전형현（시）,근거당지산량수평、토양비력、시비습관병결합행정구화,대삼현（시）34개향진308개행정촌917명농호적소맥산량、시용화비품충、화비양분함량화시비량등진행조사,이용문헌병결합전가추천,대소맥생산중담、린、갑양분자원관리현상진행료분석화평개。결과표명：해구역소맥담、린、갑양분평균투입량분별위250.5 kg/hm2、133.5 kg/hm2화45.0 kg/hm2;기、추담비평균투입량분별위90.6 kg/hm2화153.7 kg/hm2,담비기추비평균위1∶1.7;담、린、갑양분편생산력분별위30.2 kg/kg、65.5 kg/kg화139.1 kg/kg。소맥양분자원관리중존재담、린양분투입총체편고,갑소투입불균형,담비기、추투입량교고,차부분농호담비기추비례불괄의,담、린、갑양분편생산력저하등문제。인차,재소맥양분자원관리중,응채취＂담비총량공제、분기조공,린、갑형량감공＂적책략,즉：근거토양비력화목표산량학정괄의시담총량,의거담비합리적기추비분기조공기담화추담적시용량,병이용＂3414＂시험건립불동토양비력조건하린、갑양분추천시비지표체계,의거토양비력화목표산량합리시용린、갑화비。
In order to to provide references for the high yield of wheat,efficient and sustainable utilizationin nutrient resource in Hebei Province,the main problems of the wheat nutrient resource management in the piedmont plain of Taihang mountains of Hebei Province were revealed through the analysis and evaluation of the wheat nutrient resources management status.Gaocheng,Zhengding and Wuji from the main wheat producing areas in the piedmont plain of Taihang mountains of Hebei Province were selected,and the wheat production,fertilizer varieties,fertilizer nutrient content and fertilizing amount of 917 farmers from 308 administrative villages of the three counties(cities)were investigated,according to the level of local production,soil fertility,fertilization habits combined with administrative divisions,and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient resource management status of the wheat production were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that the average investment amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 250.5 kg/hm2,133.5 kg/hm2 and 45.0 kg/hm2 in wheat planting of the region.The average investment amount of base and dressing nitrogen fertilizer were 90.6 kg/hm2 and 153.7 kg/hm2,the average ratio of the base and dressing of nitrogen was 1∶1.7.The partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium respectively were 30.2 kg/kg,65.5 kg/kg and 139.1 kg/kg.The investment amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient were generally higher,and investment amount of potassium was imbalance,the base and dressing nitrogen investment amount of nitrogen were higher and proportion of some farmers was inadequate,the partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was lower.Therefore,optimum nitrogen application amount should be determined according to the soil fertility and target yield,the base and dressing of nitrogen application amount should be installments regulated by the reasonable ratio of base and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer.The phosphorus,potassium fertilization recommendation index system in different soil fertility conditions was established by"3414"test,and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were rational used based on the soil fertility and target yield.