CAJ | 학술논문

当前人类社会发展给土地资源带来了巨大的压力，建立合理的土地利用模式是缓解土地压力实现区域可持续发展战略的关键，该文以上黄试区为例，针对试区社会、经济和生态可持续发展的用地需求，从粮食生产、经济发展和生态保护三方面构建了土地压力指数定量评价方法，根据不同时期土地利用及社会经济调查数据，分析了上黄试区不同时期土地压力指数和土地利用模式变化过程，结果表明：1982年，上黄试区土地压力指数达到0.738，为重度压力等级，1982-2000年，土地压力大大缓解，2000年土地压力指数降至0.247，为轻度压力等级，2001-2010年，土地压力指数继续下降，达到0.164。在整个研究期间，土地利用模式与土地压力相互作用，不同时期其作用的表现形式存在着明显差异。治理前，由于人口数量的快速增长，土地资源面临巨大的压力，土地利用模式粗放，农业生产力水平较低，土地压力与土地利用模式变化的特点主要表现为人口增长与生产力发展水平极不平衡，资源环境的利用与保护出现了严重的失调，人地矛盾突出；1982-2010年，虽然人口有一定的增长，土地资源面临更大的压力形势，但在科技因素和政策因素的引导和干预条件下，农业生产力水平得到了较大的提升，土地利用模式从粗放向集约转变，实现了粮食增产、经济增收，生态建设也取得了较大的成果，土地资源可持续利用水平不断提高。从土地压力和土地利用模式相互演变的关系来看，人口增长是土地压力的主要来源，而土地生产力水平是缓解土地压力的关键。
당전인류사회발전급토지자원대래료거대적압력，건립합리적토지이용모식시완해토지압력실현구역가지속발전전략적관건，해문이상황시구위례，침대시구사회、경제화생태가지속발전적용지수구，종양식생산、경제발전화생태보호삼방면구건료토지압력지수정량평개방법，근거불동시기토지이용급사회경제조사수거，분석료상황시구불동시기토지압력지수화토지이용모식변화과정，결과표명：1982년，상황시구토지압력지수체도0.738，위중도압력등급，1982-2000년，토지압력대대완해，2000년토지압력지수강지0.247，위경도압력등급，2001-2010년，토지압력지수계속하강，체도0.164。재정개연구기간，토지이용모식여토지압력상호작용，불동시기기작용적표현형식존재착명현차이。치리전，유우인구수량적쾌속증장，토지자원면림거대적압력，토지이용모식조방，농업생산력수평교저，토지압력여토지이용모식변화적특점주요표현위인구증장여생산력발전수평겁불평형，자원배경적이용여보호출현료엄중적실조，인지모순돌출；1982-2010년，수연인구유일정적증장，토지자원면림경대적압력형세，단재과기인소화정책인소적인도화간예조건하，농업생산력수평득도료교대적제승，토지이용모식종조방향집약전변，실현료양식증산、경제증수，생태건설야취득료교대적성과，토지자원가지속이용수평불단제고。종토지압력화토지이용모식상호연변적관계래간，인구증장시토지압력적주요래원，이토지생산력수평시완해토지압력적관건。
The development of human society has brought great pressure on land resources, while the reasonable land use pattern is the key to alleviate the pressure and realize the regional sustainable development strategy. This paper, based on the land demand of social, economic, and ecologically sustainable development, constructs a quantitative evaluation method of land pressure from three aspects of food production, economic development, and ecological protection. According to the survey data of the Shanghuang experimental area in different periods, this paper analyses the changes process of land pressure index and land use patterns in different periods, the results show the following:the land pressure index was 0.738 before comprehensive control of soil and water erosion, which is severe pressure level;the comprehensive pressure index of land fell to 0.247 in year 2000; the land pressure decreased significantly; the pressure level demonstrates a mild pressure rating;and, during the conversion of cropland to forest and grassland, the land pressure index continued to decline, which reached 0.164 in year 2010. Land pressure was defined as land use pattern interactions throughout the whole study period, but the interactional features are significant differences in different periods. Before 1982, under the conditions of the traditional agriculture production pattern, due to the low levels of agricultural productivity and the rapid population growth, the land resource was facing tremendous pressure. The characteristics of land use pattern were that the productivity development level and the population growth were extremely imbalanced, the resources utilization and protection were in serious disorder, and the man-land relationship was opposite. During the periods of governance and returning farmland to forest and grassland, the land resource was facing greater pressure because of the situation of population growth. Under the interventions of technical factors and policy factors, the level of agricultural productivity increased greatly, so the land use pattern was changed from the extensive to the intensive management, the grain yield and economic income had great improvement, the ecological construction obtained great achievements, ecology and economics presented a harmonious development situation, the sustainable utilization level of land resource continuously improved. From the mutual relationship of land use pattern and land pressure, population growth is the primary source of land pressure, while the productivity level is the key to relieve the pressure.