湛江师范学院学报
湛江師範學院學報
담강사범학원학보
JOURNAL OF ZHANJIANG NORMAL COLLEGE
2012年
5期
106-110
,共5页
元代%申检体覆制度%减灾救灾
元代%申檢體覆製度%減災救災
원대%신검체복제도%감재구재
Yuan dynasty%policy of reporting and examining the disaster%disaster reduction and dis- aster relief
申检体覆制度是元朝政府实施的一项重要的减灾救灾措施，依次按申灾、检踏、体覆、监察扣纠察等四个程序执行，接收成受损分数减免税赋。由于这种制度带有很强的中央集权性，各级机构尤其是直接接触民生的机构没有足够的发挥空间，权力严重受限，补偿救济缺乏，救灾物资受交通条件掣肘，赈灾实效大打折扣。虽然该制度在一定程度上缓和了阶级矛盾，但由于政府监管不力，多有官民勾结贪污救济物资，救助不力亦使流民衍生、盗贼滋多，加之对不同民族区别对待，仍是弊端重重。
申檢體覆製度是元朝政府實施的一項重要的減災救災措施，依次按申災、檢踏、體覆、鑑察釦糾察等四箇程序執行，接收成受損分數減免稅賦。由于這種製度帶有很彊的中央集權性，各級機構尤其是直接接觸民生的機構沒有足夠的髮揮空間，權力嚴重受限，補償救濟缺乏，救災物資受交通條件掣肘，賑災實效大打摺釦。雖然該製度在一定程度上緩和瞭階級矛盾，但由于政府鑑管不力，多有官民勾結貪汙救濟物資，救助不力亦使流民衍生、盜賊滋多，加之對不同民族區彆對待，仍是弊耑重重。
신검체복제도시원조정부실시적일항중요적감재구재조시，의차안신재、검답、체복、감찰구규찰등사개정서집행，접수성수손분수감면세부。유우저충제도대유흔강적중앙집권성，각급궤구우기시직접접촉민생적궤구몰유족구적발휘공간，권력엄중수한，보상구제결핍，구재물자수교통조건체주，진재실효대타절구。수연해제도재일정정도상완화료계급모순，단유우정부감관불력，다유관민구결탐오구제물자，구조불력역사류민연생、도적자다，가지대불동민족구별대대，잉시폐단중중。
The policy of reporting and examining the disaster was a very important policy in Yuan dy- nasty that government decreased taxes according to the records of disaster. There were five processes, i. e. report, investigation, censor, examination and punishment. Because of its strong centralization of authori- ty, institutions at all levels, especially those directly contacting with the people's livelihood, their power had been limited severely, so the effect was greatly reduced greatly. The policy of reporting the disaster prevented the swift destruction of Yuan dynasty in some degree.
