CAJ | 학술논문

针对当前由于农业收益低、农民兼业化日益严重、专职从事农业生产的高素质农民日益减少的问题,为了弄清西安城市化、工业化进程对从事农业生产的农民状况可能发生的影响及解决对策,通过统计调查、抽样调查、专家评估的方法,对西安职业农民的发展现状和制约农民职业化的相关因素进行了调查分析。结果表明,西安市职业农民人数相对较少,职业农民整体文化程度不高,平均年龄偏大。制约职业农民发展的主要因素为：职业农民队伍素质较低,职业农民培育难度大,资金需求多融资难度大,土地流转不规范,合作社规模小等。要发展高素质的职业农民,就要加大对职业农民培养的力度,采取开展职业农民资格认证、加强农业技术培训力度、扶持农民专业合作社、放宽政策支持、给予资金扶持、建立规范有序的土地使用权流转机制等有效措施,从而缓解由于农业从业人员数量和质量的下降对农业生产发展的影响。
침대당전유우농업수익저、농민겸업화일익엄중、전직종사농업생산적고소질농민일익감소적문제,위료롱청서안성시화、공업화진정대종사농업생산적농민상황가능발생적영향급해결대책,통과통계조사、추양조사、전가평고적방법,대서안직업농민적발전현상화제약농민직업화적상관인소진행료조사분석。결과표명,서안시직업농민인수상대교소,직업농민정체문화정도불고,평균년령편대。제약직업농민발전적주요인소위：직업농민대오소질교저,직업농민배육난도대,자금수구다융자난도대,토지류전불규범,합작사규모소등。요발전고소질적직업농민,취요가대대직업농민배양적력도,채취개전직업농민자격인증、가강농업기술배훈력도、부지농민전업합작사、방관정책지지、급여자금부지、건립규범유서적토지사용권류전궤제등유효조시,종이완해유우농업종업인원수량화질량적하강대농업생산발전적영향。
The earnings rate of agricultural is low and farmers take farming as a part-time job. The high-quality farmers taking the farming as full-time job, became less and less. In order to figure out the effect and countermeasures of urbanization and industrialization procedure on the farmers, this paper investigated and analyzed the situation of commercial farmer and the relating factors constricting the farmer professionalization by statistic investigation, sample survey and expert evaluation. It is found that the total number of professional farmers was comparative small, they were not well educated and had elder average age. The factors constricting the farmers ’ professionalization were as follows. The professional farmers were not well qualified,the education for them was much harder,the finance could not meet the capital needs, the land could not negotiate normally, and agricultural cooperative size was small. In order to expand the team of high quality farmers, it was very important to strengthen the cultivation of professional farmers, take measures to develop the farmers ’ certification system, strengthen agricultural technology training, support the farmers ’ professional cooperative, give special policy and financial support, establish the land user rights transfer system and alleviate the effect on the agricultural production caused by the number and quality famers decrease.