CAJ | 학술논문

森林是陆地生态系统的主体，是最大的植被碳库和土壤碳库，其碳通量和碳储量的变化对生态系统的碳循环乃至全球碳收支平衡具有决定性影响。土壤呼吸是森林生态系统碳循环过程的关键环节，亦是森林生态系统的碳素向大气输出的主要途径，是土壤圈与大气圈交流的重要形式，是森林生态系统能量流动和物质循环的重要生态过程。目前，土壤呼吸已经成为陆地生态系统向大气排放CO2最大的源，在区域乃至全球碳循环与碳平衡中具有重要作用。随着全球气候变化的加剧，森林土壤呼吸在全球碳平衡中的作用引起了人们的广泛关注，成为科学界研究的热点问题。土壤呼吸测定方法是科学有效地测定土壤呼吸的重要手段以及对土壤呼吸定量化研究的重要媒介，科学有效地加强森林土壤呼吸测定方法的精确化与定量化研究，对了解森林土壤呼吸在全球碳循环和碳平衡中的地位以及实现森林土壤碳汇效应与固碳潜力的研究均有重要意义。本文系统阐明了森林土壤呼吸的国内外研究现状及进展、论述比较了土壤呼吸的各种测定方法，特别比较了静态气室法和动态气室法的优缺点，为人们对测定方法的选择提供参考。虽然测定森林生态系统土壤呼吸的方法均存在某种程度的不足，但目前最理想的方法是动态红外气体分析法，亦是最可靠的方法之一。此外，本文亦阐述了森林生态系统土壤呼吸各组分的区分方法，最后讨论了森林生态系统土壤呼吸测定方法研究存在的问题，探讨了解决问题的方向，并总结了土壤呼吸测定方法研究的趋势以及进一步的研究发展方向。
삼림시륙지생태계통적주체，시최대적식피탄고화토양탄고，기탄통량화탄저량적변화대생태계통적탄순배내지전구탄수지평형구유결정성영향。토양호흡시삼림생태계통탄순배과정적관건배절，역시삼림생태계통적탄소향대기수출적주요도경，시토양권여대기권교류적중요형식，시삼림생태계통능량류동화물질순배적중요생태과정。목전，토양호흡이경성위륙지생태계통향대기배방CO2최대적원，재구역내지전구탄순배여탄평형중구유중요작용。수착전구기후변화적가극，삼림토양호흡재전구탄평형중적작용인기료인문적엄범관주，성위과학계연구적열점문제。토양호흡측정방법시과학유효지측정토양호흡적중요수단이급대토양호흡정양화연구적중요매개，과학유효지가강삼림토양호흡측정방법적정학화여정양화연구，대료해삼림토양호흡재전구탄순배화탄평형중적지위이급실현삼림토양탄회효응여고탄잠력적연구균유중요의의。본문계통천명료삼림토양호흡적국내외연구현상급진전、논술비교료토양호흡적각충측정방법，특별비교료정태기실법화동태기실법적우결점，위인문대측정방법적선택제공삼고。수연측정삼림생태계통토양호흡적방법균존재모충정도적불족，단목전최이상적방법시동태홍외기체분석법，역시최가고적방법지일。차외，본문역천술료삼림생태계통토양호흡각조분적구분방법，최후토론료삼림생태계통토양호흡측정방법연구존재적문제，탐토료해결문제적방향，병총결료토양호흡측정방법연구적추세이급진일보적연구발전방향。
Forest ecosystems are the main terrestrial ecosystems. It is the largest vegetation-and soil carbon pools, and its carbon fluxes and changes in carbon stocks have a decisive influence on the global carbon budget. Soil carbon plays an important role in global carbon cycle and carbon balance. Soil respiration is hot topic in the area of carbon cycle research. Soil respiration is a key link in the forest ecosystem carbon cycle, the output of the main ways of the forest ecosystem carbon to the atmosphere, important ecological processes of energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems, soil respiration has become a terrestrial ecosystem to the largest source of atmospheric emissions of CO2 , the system plays an important role in regional and global carbon cycle. With the intensification of global climate change, the role of forest soil respiration in the global carbon balance has aroused widespread concern. Scientific and effective way to strengthen the forest soil respiration determination of quantitative research have important significance for understanding the status of forest soil respiration in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance and forest soil carbon sequestration effect. This article illustrates the research advances of the forest soil respiration, a variety of measurement methods of soil respiration, compared the advantages and disadvantages of the static chamber method and dynamic chamber method, although the measurement of forest soil respiration deficiencies, but currently the best method is a dynamic infrared gas analysis method, one of the most reliable method, and elaborated the distinction of forest ecosystem components of soil respiration. Finally, we discuss the problems of forest ecosystems determination of soil respiration, and look determination of trends in soil respiration and further research directions.