植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
3期
726-736
,共11页
张云贵%邱建军%李志宏%蒋卫%李强%王刚%刘青丽%夏昊%梁永江%丁伟%张长华
張雲貴%邱建軍%李誌宏%蔣衛%李彊%王剛%劉青麗%夏昊%樑永江%丁偉%張長華
장운귀%구건군%리지굉%장위%리강%왕강%류청려%하호%량영강%정위%장장화
变量施肥机%精准农业%烟草
變量施肥機%精準農業%煙草
변량시비궤%정준농업%연초
variable fertilization machine%precision agriculture%tobacco
采用土壤网格采样法研究了贵州省烟草公司遵义乐山科技园内土壤的变异状况，提出了相对应的肥料变量处方。以小型手扶拖拉机为施肥机载体，组装了变量施肥机具，并对其自动实施和施肥效果进行了田间验证，形成了完整的变量施肥技术体系和施肥机。试验结果表明，烤烟变量施肥较农户习惯施肥可节省肥料4.6％；提高烤烟的整齐度，变量施肥烤烟株高的变异系数下降29.6％，上等烟率和下等烟率同步减少，而中等烟率增加13.05％；增加农户收益，变量施肥产值较农户习惯施肥增加4310.65元/hm2。变量施肥对提高肥料资源效率、农民增收具有重要意义。
採用土壤網格採樣法研究瞭貴州省煙草公司遵義樂山科技園內土壤的變異狀況，提齣瞭相對應的肥料變量處方。以小型手扶拖拉機為施肥機載體，組裝瞭變量施肥機具，併對其自動實施和施肥效果進行瞭田間驗證，形成瞭完整的變量施肥技術體繫和施肥機。試驗結果錶明，烤煙變量施肥較農戶習慣施肥可節省肥料4.6％；提高烤煙的整齊度，變量施肥烤煙株高的變異繫數下降29.6％，上等煙率和下等煙率同步減少，而中等煙率增加13.05％；增加農戶收益，變量施肥產值較農戶習慣施肥增加4310.65元/hm2。變量施肥對提高肥料資源效率、農民增收具有重要意義。
채용토양망격채양법연구료귀주성연초공사준의악산과기완내토양적변이상황，제출료상대응적비료변량처방。이소형수부타랍궤위시비궤재체，조장료변량시비궤구，병대기자동실시화시비효과진행료전간험증，형성료완정적변량시비기술체계화시비궤。시험결과표명，고연변량시비교농호습관시비가절성비료4.6％；제고고연적정제도，변량시비고연주고적변이계수하강29.6％，상등연솔화하등연솔동보감소，이중등연솔증가13.05％；증가농호수익，변량시비산치교농호습관시비증가4310.65원/hm2。변량시비대제고비료자원효솔、농민증수구유중요의의。
Using small manual tractor as the carrier , a automatic fertilization machine with necessary parts and softwares was designed and manufactured .Its availability and the yield and economic profit obtained through variable fertilization were testified in tobacco at Leshan Tobacco Hi-tech Park in Zunyi City , Guizhou Province .The soil nutrient variation was studied by sampling soils in grid , and fertilizer application rates of N , P and K prescription were made and automatic implementation of variable fertilization rate was achieved using the small machine.The results show that variable fertilization rate can save 4.6% of fertilizer amount compared to even fertilization , the variation in tobacco plant heights decline 29.6%, improving the uniformity of flue-cured tobacco . The proportion of the first-grade and low-grade commercial flue-cured tobacco was all decreased , and middle-grade was increased by 13.05%.Through variable fertilization , the farmers ’ profit can increase 4310.65 yuan/ha compared with even fertilization .In conclusion , the variable fertilization machine is effective and practical in decreasing labor and fertilizer input , and increases the fertilizer resource efficiency and farmers ’ income.
