CAJ | 학술논문

为研究不同浓度硫酸对畜禽粪便条垛式堆肥中pH值以及养分含量动态变化的影响，以牛粪和锯末为试验材料，以实验室常用浓硫酸稀释成不同浓度为添加物，在露天进行43 d的条垛式堆肥，测定堆肥过程中温度、水分、pH值、全量和速效养分含量，并以种子发芽指数测定堆肥效果。结果表明，在初始物料中添加0.2 mol/L、0.3 mol/L的硫酸对缩短堆肥高温上升期，降低堆肥pH和促进有机质分解，提高堆肥中全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾含量具有明显效果。其中添加0.2 mol/L硫酸堆体在堆肥43天时全氮、全钾、全磷、速效钾、有效磷与堆肥对照相比分别增加了19.51％、13.49％、6.07％、21.39％、9.03％。堆肥结束时各个处理发芽指数均达到80％以上，不会对植物造成毒害作用。整体来说，牛粪堆肥中添加0.2 mol/L的硫酸，堆肥效果最好。本研究为硫酸添加物应用于实际堆肥工程提供了理论依据。
위연구불동농도류산대축금분편조타식퇴비중pH치이급양분함량동태변화적영향，이우분화거말위시험재료，이실험실상용농류산희석성불동농도위첨가물，재로천진행43 d적조타식퇴비，측정퇴비과정중온도、수분、pH치、전량화속효양분함량，병이충자발아지수측정퇴비효과。결과표명，재초시물료중첨가0.2 mol/L、0.3 mol/L적류산대축단퇴비고온상승기，강저퇴비pH화촉진유궤질분해，제고퇴비중전담、전린、전갑、유효린、속효갑함량구유명현효과。기중첨가0.2 mol/L류산퇴체재퇴비43천시전담、전갑、전린、속효갑、유효린여퇴비대조상비분별증가료19.51％、13.49％、6.07％、21.39％、9.03％。퇴비결속시각개처리발아지수균체도80％이상，불회대식물조성독해작용。정체래설，우분퇴비중첨가0.2 mol/L적류산，퇴비효과최호。본연구위류산첨가물응용우실제퇴비공정제공료이론의거。
In this study , to explore the effects of different concentrations of sulphuric acid on changes of pH and main nutrient elements during the windrow compost , an experiment of cattle manure composting was carried out for 43 days.Besides the control , three mixtures were treated with addition of different concentrations of sulphuric acid , 0.1 mol/L, 0.2 mol/L and 0.3 mol/L.The results show that during 43 days, the sulphuric acid addition treatments at 0.2 mol/L and 0.3 mol/L decrease the stage of initial high temperature , pH and carbon losses significantly, and increase the contents of total N , total K, total P, available potassium and available phosphorus effectively.The total N, total K, total P, available potassium and available phosphorus in the 0.2 mol/L sulphuric acid compost are increased by 19.51%, 13.49%, 6.07%, 21.39% and 9.03% respectively compared to the control in the 43 days.The germination index ( GI) value is over 80%at the end of composting , implying that the phytotoxicity is eliminated completely .On the whole , the addition of the 0.2 mol/L sulphuric acid has the best composting effect .The addition of sulphuric acid can provide technical support and basis for cattle manure composting engineering .