植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
3期
687-695
,共9页
西瓜%磷钾配施%产量%品质%养分利用率
西瓜%燐鉀配施%產量%品質%養分利用率
서과%린갑배시%산량%품질%양분이용솔
watermelon%combined use of P and K fertilizer%quality%nutrient efficiency
为了探明旱砂田西瓜产量、品质及养分利用率同步提高的最佳氮磷钾施用量和配比，制定合理的栽培措施，本试验以中晚熟西瓜品种陇抗九号为试材，在砂田西瓜氮肥施用量为200 kg/hm2的基础上，设置了3个施钾水平（0、130、260 kg/hm2）和4个施磷水平（0、90、130、170 kg/hm2），研究了磷、钾肥配施对西瓜产量、品质和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明，西瓜产量和品质均随施磷量和施钾量的增加而提高，其中P170处理的西瓜单瓜重和产量较P0分别显著提高了13.75％和43.79％；西瓜平均含糖量、 Vc 和蛋白质含量较P0分别显著提高了13.75％、9.48％和11.90％；K260处理的西瓜单瓜重和产量较K0分别显著提高了9.22％和7.54％；西瓜平均含糖量和硝酸盐含量较K0分别显著提高了5.86％和11.24％。磷钾肥配施对西瓜光合、产量及养分吸收利用的互作效应显著，且均表现出在低钾条件下，各指标随施磷量的增加先增加后趋于稳定或降低；高钾条件下，则随施磷量的增加而增加，并以磷肥效应较大，钾肥次之，在磷、钾配施的所有处理中，K260 P170处理的西瓜光合速率、产量和养分利用率均最高。本试验在施用氮肥200 kg/hm2条件下，砂田西瓜的磷、钾最优施肥量分别为170 kg/hm2和260 kg/hm2，相应的N、P2 O5、K2 O比例为1∶0.85∶1.3。
為瞭探明旱砂田西瓜產量、品質及養分利用率同步提高的最佳氮燐鉀施用量和配比，製定閤理的栽培措施，本試驗以中晚熟西瓜品種隴抗九號為試材，在砂田西瓜氮肥施用量為200 kg/hm2的基礎上，設置瞭3箇施鉀水平（0、130、260 kg/hm2）和4箇施燐水平（0、90、130、170 kg/hm2），研究瞭燐、鉀肥配施對西瓜產量、品質和肥料利用率的影響。結果錶明，西瓜產量和品質均隨施燐量和施鉀量的增加而提高，其中P170處理的西瓜單瓜重和產量較P0分彆顯著提高瞭13.75％和43.79％；西瓜平均含糖量、 Vc 和蛋白質含量較P0分彆顯著提高瞭13.75％、9.48％和11.90％；K260處理的西瓜單瓜重和產量較K0分彆顯著提高瞭9.22％和7.54％；西瓜平均含糖量和硝痠鹽含量較K0分彆顯著提高瞭5.86％和11.24％。燐鉀肥配施對西瓜光閤、產量及養分吸收利用的互作效應顯著，且均錶現齣在低鉀條件下，各指標隨施燐量的增加先增加後趨于穩定或降低；高鉀條件下，則隨施燐量的增加而增加，併以燐肥效應較大，鉀肥次之，在燐、鉀配施的所有處理中，K260 P170處理的西瓜光閤速率、產量和養分利用率均最高。本試驗在施用氮肥200 kg/hm2條件下，砂田西瓜的燐、鉀最優施肥量分彆為170 kg/hm2和260 kg/hm2，相應的N、P2 O5、K2 O比例為1∶0.85∶1.3。
위료탐명한사전서과산량、품질급양분이용솔동보제고적최가담린갑시용량화배비，제정합리적재배조시，본시험이중만숙서과품충롱항구호위시재，재사전서과담비시용량위200 kg/hm2적기출상，설치료3개시갑수평（0、130、260 kg/hm2）화4개시린수평（0、90、130、170 kg/hm2），연구료린、갑비배시대서과산량、품질화비료이용솔적영향。결과표명，서과산량화품질균수시린량화시갑량적증가이제고，기중P170처리적서과단과중화산량교P0분별현저제고료13.75％화43.79％；서과평균함당량、 Vc 화단백질함량교P0분별현저제고료13.75％、9.48％화11.90％；K260처리적서과단과중화산량교K0분별현저제고료9.22％화7.54％；서과평균함당량화초산염함량교K0분별현저제고료5.86％화11.24％。린갑비배시대서과광합、산량급양분흡수이용적호작효응현저，차균표현출재저갑조건하，각지표수시린량적증가선증가후추우은정혹강저；고갑조건하，칙수시린량적증가이증가，병이린비효응교대，갑비차지，재린、갑배시적소유처리중，K260 P170처리적서과광합속솔、산량화양분이용솔균최고。본시험재시용담비200 kg/hm2조건하，사전서과적린、갑최우시비량분별위170 kg/hm2화260 kg/hm2，상응적N、P2 O5、K2 O비례위1∶0.85∶1.3。
On the base of applying nitrogen 200 kg/ha, a field experiment with three potassium rates (0, 130, 260 kg/ha) and four phosphorus rates (0, 90, 130, 170 kg/ha) was conducted to study the effects of combined application of P and K on the yield , quality and nutrient utilization efficiency of watermelon in Gravel-mulched field.A late mature watermelon cultivar, Longkang 9, was used as material.The results show that the yield and quality of watermelon increase with the increase of P and K application rates .With P170 treatment, the single fruit weight and yield of watermelon increase by 13.75% and 43.79% respectively , and the average sugar , Vc and protein contents by 13.75%, 9.48% and 11.90% compared with P0 .With the K260 treatment, the single fruit weight, yield of watermelon increase by 9.22% and 7.54%, and the average sugar, nitrate contents increase by 5.86% and 11.24% compared with K 0.Significant positive interactive effect of P and K exists in the photosynthesis , yield and nutrient utilization efficiencies .Under low potassium rates , all the tested parameters keep increasing within a certain range of P application rate , while under high potassium levels , with the increase of phosphorus application rate , better effects are obtained with individual P application than individual K application . The highest photosynthetic rate , yield and nutrient utilization efficiency were achieved with K 260 P170 treatment. Therefore, the optimum fertilizer application rates were P2O5 170 kg/ha and K2O 260 kg/ha at the base of applying N 200 kg/ha, hence, the most suitable ratio of N ∶P2 O5∶K2 O is 1∶0.85∶1.3 for good yield and quality of watermelon in this soil condition.
