CAJ | 학술논문

通过大田试验研究了冬小麦在整个生育期阶段植株的养分吸收量和肥料利用效率的变化规律。本研究以西农‘979’小麦为试验材料，试验采取3个灌水水平即W1，W2及W3，分别为2400 m3·hm-2、1800 m3·hm-2和1200 m3·hm-2。施磷设4个水平即F1、F2、F3及F4，施磷肥（纯P2O5）量分别是0、60、120及180 kg·hm-2。结果表明：在施氮肥相同的情况下，灌水和增施磷肥均能够促进植株对氮、磷的吸收量。随着施磷量的增加，灌溉水利用效率及产量也随着显著增加。在F4处理条件下，W2处理的子粒产量高于W1、W3处理，在W2处理基础上再增加灌水量，子粒产量无显著提高，且显著降低了水分利用效率。这说明灌水和施磷显著提高子粒的产量，但过量灌水会导致子粒产量下降，适量灌水、增施磷肥可以显著提高子粒产量。在本试验条件下，灌水量在1800 m3· hm-2和施磷肥（纯P2O5）量在120 kg·hm-2时，促进小麦的生长发育进程，施磷对土壤水分不足的补偿效应主要是增加单位面积穗数，施肥增加了穗粒数，从而增加了产量，提高水分和磷素利用效率。
통과대전시험연구료동소맥재정개생육기계단식주적양분흡수량화비료이용효솔적변화규률。본연구이서농‘979’소맥위시험재료，시험채취3개관수수평즉W1，W2급W3，분별위2400 m3·hm-2、1800 m3·hm-2화1200 m3·hm-2。시린설4개수평즉F1、F2、F3급F4，시린비（순P2O5）량분별시0、60、120급180 kg·hm-2。결과표명：재시담비상동적정황하，관수화증시린비균능구촉진식주대담、린적흡수량。수착시린량적증가，관개수이용효솔급산량야수착현저증가。재F4처리조건하，W2처리적자립산량고우W1、W3처리，재W2처리기출상재증가관수량，자립산량무현저제고，차현저강저료수분이용효솔。저설명관수화시린현저제고자립적산량，단과량관수회도치자립산량하강，괄량관수、증시린비가이현저제고자립산량。재본시험조건하，관수량재1800 m3· hm-2화시린비（순P2O5）량재120 kg·hm-2시，촉진소맥적생장발육진정，시린대토양수분불족적보상효응주요시증가단위면적수수，시비증가료수립수，종이증가료산량，제고수분화린소이용효솔。
Through the field experiment has researched the variation rule of amount nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency in whole growth period of winter wheat .Taking wheat XiNong‘979’ as test material ,adopted .three irrigation levels as W1 ,W2 and W3 ,the irrigation quota was 2 400 m3 ·hm-2 ,1 800 m3 ·hm-2 and 1 200 m3 ·hm-2 ,respectively . Four phosphorus fertilizer levels as F1 ,F2 ,F3 and F4 ,the amount of phosphorus fertilizer application (pure P2O5 ) was 0 ,60 ,120 and 180 kg·hm-2 ,respectively .The results showed that :Under the condition of same level of nitrogen fer-tilize application ,the irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer application can be promoted the absorption of nitrogen and phos-phorus by crops .With the increase of phosphorus amount ,the irrigation water use efficiency and yield will be a remark-able increase .Under F4 treatment condition ,the grain yield in treatment W2 was high than W1 and W3 treatment ;On the basis of W2 ,if increased the irrigation amount ,but the grain yields was no significant increase ,also the WUE signifi-cantly reduced .It explains proper irrigation and phosphorus application will increase the grain yield ,but excess irrigation will cause the grain yield decrese .In this experimental condition ,the irrigation quota was 1 800 m3 ·hm-2 and 120 kg· hm-2 of phosphorus fertilizer (pure P2O5 ) application ,the winter wheat growth can be promoted .The compensation ef-fects for soil water shortage by phosphorus application was increased the panicles numbers per unit area ,thus increase crop production and improve water and phosphorus utilization efficiency .