CAJ | 학술논문

通过380个浙江省生态公益林中常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、松林、杉木林4种主要森林群落的典型样地调查，对不同群落类型物种多样性的时空格局进行研究，结果表明：在空间格局上不同群落类型物种多样性存在较大差异，乔木层多样性指数以针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林为最高；针阔混交林的下木层物种数最高，其次是常绿阔叶林，但下木层各指数在各林型间均无显著差异；杉木林下草本层物种数指数最高，松林草本层各项指数都最低。从时间格局分析，不同群落类型的多样性指数随年龄变化各不相同，常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林乔木层物种数在幼龄-中龄-近熟阶段趋势一致，均为先大幅增加然后略有下降，两种针叶林型的物种数都相对稳定；4种主要群落类型的乔木层Simpson生态优势度指数D，常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林随时间变化趋势一致，均为先增加后略有下降再增加，且显著高于同年龄级的针叶林；常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林乔木层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′随时间各异，但都极显著高于同年龄级针叶林的指数。常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林群落物种组成丰富、多样性指数高，是浙江省生态公益林的理想群落与目的群落。
통과380개절강성생태공익림중상록활협림、침활혼교림、송림、삼목림4충주요삼림군락적전형양지조사，대불동군락류형물충다양성적시공격국진행연구，결과표명：재공간격국상불동군락류형물충다양성존재교대차이，교목층다양성지수이침활혼교림화상록활협림위최고；침활혼교림적하목층물충수최고，기차시상록활협림，단하목층각지수재각림형간균무현저차이；삼목림하초본층물충수지수최고，송림초본층각항지수도최저。종시간격국분석，불동군락류형적다양성지수수년령변화각불상동，상록활협림화침활혼교림교목층물충수재유령-중령-근숙계단추세일치，균위선대폭증가연후략유하강，량충침협림형적물충수도상대은정；4충주요군락류형적교목층Simpson생태우세도지수D，상록활협림화침활혼교림수시간변화추세일치，균위선증가후략유하강재증가，차현저고우동년령급적침협림；상록활협림화침활혼교림교목층Shannon-Wiener다양성지수H′수시간각이，단도겁현저고우동년령급침협림적지수。상록활협림화침활혼교림군락물충조성봉부、다양성지수고，시절강성생태공익림적이상군락여목적군락。
Spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity in evergreen broadleaved forest, coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, pine forest, Chinese fir forest in Zhejiang Province was investigated by 380 typical sample plots. The results showed that the highest arbor layer diversity in evergreen broadleaved forest and coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest. For species diversity in understory layer, the richest was in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, followed by evergreen broadleaved forest. However, the difference of understory diversity indices among various forests was not significant. In herb layer, Chinese fir forest had the highest diversity indices, in contrast, pine forest had the lowest. Diversity indices of different forest communities were varied with forest age based on the analysis of temporal patterns. For tree species (S), evergreen broadleaved forest and coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest had same trends with age of the fooest, but coniferous forest had stable species numbers. For Simpson dominance index (D), evergreen broadleaved forest and coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest had same trends over time, and both of them had higher D than pine forest and Chinese fir forest in the same age classes. For Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( H′ ), evergreen broad leaved forest and coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest had higher significantly tree layer than coniferous forest in same age class. Evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest had rich species composition and high diversity index in ecological service forests.