CAJ | 학술논문

迁移至美国一直被认为是全球科技精英人才国别迁移的主要特征。本文通过对2430名高被引科学家的简历进行内容分析，以及对其中308名高被引科学家迁移原因的问卷调查结果进行统计分析发现，高被引科学家向美国集聚的现象呈现出阶段性特征，且随着职业发展，高被引科学家出现从美国逆向集聚的现象。从美国逆向集聚过程中获利的国家包括亚太地区的创新型国家(地区)，中国香港和中国台湾也在其列。而影响高被引科学家从美国逆向集聚的原因，与这些国家(地区)为科技精英人才提供更适宜的工作环境有很大关系。故本文认为，通过对国内发达城市一流大学的投入，创建适宜的工作环境，能为中国吸引更多的科技精英人才。
천이지미국일직피인위시전구과기정영인재국별천이적주요특정。본문통과대2430명고피인과학가적간력진행내용분석，이급대기중308명고피인과학가천이원인적문권조사결과진행통계분석발현，고피인과학가향미국집취적현상정현출계단성특정，차수착직업발전，고피인과학가출현종미국역향집취적현상。종미국역향집취과정중획리적국가포괄아태지구적창신형국가(지구)，중국향항화중국태만야재기렬。이영향고피인과학가종미국역향집취적원인，여저사국가(지구)위과기정영인재제공경괄의적공작배경유흔대관계。고본문인위，통과대국내발체성시일류대학적투입，창건괄의적공작배경，능위중국흡인경다적과기정영인재。
This research adopts the CV method and questionnaire to analyze highly-cited scientists’ mobility.Based on the ISI Highly-Cited Scientists database,this research collected altogether 2430 sci-entists’CVs and 308 questionnaires.The research results show various features of the scientists’mob-ility in the USA.Some of them migrate from the United States to other innovative countries and re-gions in later years of their career.For these highly-cited scientists,the work environment in other countries is a key pull factor in their decision to leave the United States.The finding suggests that de-veloped cities and regions in China may attract scientific elites by providing an optimal work environ-ment.