CAJ | 학술논문

本文基于气象、遥感数据，运用RWEQ模型，结合风蚀季节的植被盖度变化对近30年的土壤风蚀量和植被的防风固沙服务功能的时空变化趋势进行了定量评估，揭示了植被盖度变化对防风固沙服务功能的影响。研究表明：中国北方多年平均土壤风蚀量为160.1亿t，并处于下降趋势，土壤侵蚀强度大的区域主要集中在各大沙漠区和植被盖度较低的草地，且春季为我国土壤风蚀的多发期，占全年风蚀量的45.93%；中国北方多年平均防风固沙量为203.1亿t；防风固沙服务功能保有率的分布特征表现为由东南到西北逐渐降低的趋势；工程实施后春季植被盖度的提升区主要集中在黄土高原、青藏高原、河北北部、内蒙古东部以及东北地区；大部分区域的春季植被盖度减小（提高）与防风固沙的服务保有率的下降（提升）呈显著正相关（r>0.7，p<0.01）；前后两个十年相比较草地生态系统的防风固沙服务功能提升幅度最大（2.02%），其次为林地（1.15%）、农田（0.99%）和荒漠（0.86%）。
본문기우기상、요감수거，운용RWEQ모형，결합풍식계절적식피개도변화대근30년적토양풍식량화식피적방풍고사복무공능적시공변화추세진행료정량평고，게시료식피개도변화대방풍고사복무공능적영향。연구표명：중국북방다년평균토양풍식량위160.1억t，병처우하강추세，토양침식강도대적구역주요집중재각대사막구화식피개도교저적초지，차춘계위아국토양풍식적다발기，점전년풍식량적45.93%；중국북방다년평균방풍고사량위203.1억t；방풍고사복무공능보유솔적분포특정표현위유동남도서북축점강저적추세；공정실시후춘계식피개도적제승구주요집중재황토고원、청장고원、하북북부、내몽고동부이급동북지구；대부분구역적춘계식피개도감소（제고）여방풍고사적복무보유솔적하강（제승）정현저정상관（r>0.7，p<0.01）；전후량개십년상비교초지생태계통적방풍고사복무공능제승폭도최대（2.02%），기차위임지（1.15%）、농전（0.99%）화황막（0.86%）。
Using meteorological and remote sensing data and changes in vegetation cover during the wind erosion season in northern China, a revised wind erosion equation was applied to evaluate spatiotemporal variation in soil erosion and conservation since the 1990s, and to reveal the effects of the change of vegetation coverage on the wind erosion control service. The results showed that average soil erosion in northern China between 1990 and 2010 was 16.01 bil ion tons and was decreasing. The most seriously eroded areas were mainly distributed in large desert areas or low cover grasslands. Most wind erosion occurred in spring, accounting for 45.93% of total wind erosion. The average amount of sand ifxation service function for northern China between 1990 and 2010 was 20.31 billion tons. Given the influence of wind erosion forces, the service function for sand fixation cannot effectively highlight the role of sand ifxation from the ecosystem itself. The retention rate of service function for sand ifxation reveals the role of the ecosystem itself. The distribution characteristics of the soil retention rate are similar to vegetation cover, which shows a gradual decrease from southeast to northwest in the study area. Improved spring vegetation cover was observed mainly on the Loess Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in northern Hebei, eastern Inner Mongolia and northeast China after the implementation of ecosystem projects. The soil retention rate in most areas showed a signiifcant positive relationship with grassland vegetation in spring (r>0.7, p<0.01). The increments of ecosystem service function for various ecological systems are different. Increments for the grassland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, farmland ecosystem and desert ecosystem are 2.02%, 1.15%, 0.99% and 0.86%, respectively.