CAJ | 학술논문

珠江三角洲地区农村土壤重金属污染状况不容忽视，除化肥农药、畜禽养殖等污染源外，还有工业污染等其他污染源。本研究以该地区工业型和种植型两类典型农村为例，通过对农田和菜地两种耕地以及企业周边、养殖场周边和垃圾点周边三类污染场地土壤重金属污染现状进行监测与评价，深入分析重金属污染成因。结果表明，该地区工业型农村耕地以铜超标为主（超标率22.2%），种植型农村耕地以镉超标为主（超标率16.7%），其余重金属超标率低或不超标；耕地中农田的重金属污染程度重于菜地。工业型农村污染场地以铜超标为主（超标率33.3%），其次是镉和锌（超标率均为11.1%），其余重金属不超标；种植型农村污染场地以镉、镍超标为主（超标率均为26.1%），其次为铜和砷（超标率分别为17.4%和8.7%），其余重金属不超标。三类污染场地中，工业型农村土壤重金属超标情况相对最重的是垃圾点周边，而种植型农村土壤重金属超标程度相对最重的是养殖场周边。高度集约化的农业生产方式是造成珠三角农村耕地土壤重金属污染的主要原因，同时，众多的制造业“三废”排放加剧了土壤重金属累积。此外，畜禽养殖废弃物、生活垃圾的无序堆放也是造成农村土壤重金属污染的原因。
주강삼각주지구농촌토양중금속오염상황불용홀시，제화비농약、축금양식등오염원외，환유공업오염등기타오염원。본연구이해지구공업형화충식형량류전형농촌위례，통과대농전화채지량충경지이급기업주변、양식장주변화랄급점주변삼류오염장지토양중금속오염현상진행감측여평개，심입분석중금속오염성인。결과표명，해지구공업형농촌경지이동초표위주（초표솔22.2%），충식형농촌경지이력초표위주（초표솔16.7%），기여중금속초표솔저혹불초표；경지중농전적중금속오염정도중우채지。공업형농촌오염장지이동초표위주（초표솔33.3%），기차시력화자（초표솔균위11.1%），기여중금속불초표；충식형농촌오염장지이력、얼초표위주（초표솔균위26.1%），기차위동화신（초표솔분별위17.4%화8.7%），기여중금속불초표。삼류오염장지중，공업형농촌토양중금속초표정황상대최중적시랄급점주변，이충식형농촌토양중금속초표정도상대최중적시양식장주변。고도집약화적농업생산방식시조성주삼각농촌경지토양중금속오염적주요원인，동시，음다적제조업“삼폐”배방가극료토양중금속루적。차외，축금양식폐기물、생활랄급적무서퇴방야시조성농촌토양중금속오염적원인。
Heavy metal pollution in the rural soils from Pearl River Delta area is indispensable due to many pollution sources such as fertilizer, pesticide and industrial wastes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the levels and reasons of eight types of heavy metal pollution (i.e. Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn and Ni) in the typical rural soils from industrial villages and planting villages which included two kinds of cultivated land (i.e. farmland and vegetable plot), and three kinds of contaminated sites (i.e. land around industry plants, land around livestock and poultry raising and land around garbage dump). The results showed that, the cultivated lands in the industrial villages were mainly polluted by Cu with an over standard rate of 22.2%, and the cultivated lands in the planting villages were predominantly polluted by Cd with an over standard rate of 16.7%, while the over standard rates of other heavy metals were low in the cultivated lands of both the industrial and planting villages. In the two types of cultivated lands, the pollution in the farmland was severer than that in the vegetable plot. The contaminated sites in the industrial villages were primarily polluted by Cu with an over standard rate of 33.3%, followed by Cd and Zn with an over standard rate of 11.1%respectively, while the contaminated sites in the planting villages were mainly polluted by Cd and Ni with an over standard rate of 26.1%respectively, followed by Cu and As with an over standard rate of 17.4%and 8.7%respectively. Among the three kinds of contaminated sites, the lands around garbage dump were polluted the most heavily in the industrial villages, and the lands around livestock and poultry raising were polluted the most heavily in the planting villages. Highly intensive mode of agriculture was the main cause of soil heavy metal pollution in this area, while three wastes emission of manufacturing industry increased the contamination. In addition, waste emission from livestock and poultry raising and stacking of domestic waste were also the sources of heavy metal pollution in the rural soils.