生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
3期
535-540
,共6页
生物炭%土壤田间持水量%土壤pH值%土壤养分淋失%土壤微生物量和群落结构%土壤酶活性%植物生长
生物炭%土壤田間持水量%土壤pH值%土壤養分淋失%土壤微生物量和群落結構%土壤酶活性%植物生長
생물탄%토양전간지수량%토양pH치%토양양분림실%토양미생물량화군락결구%토양매활성%식물생장
biochar%soil field capacity%soil pH value%soil nutrient leaching%soil microbial biomass and community structure%soil enzyme activity%plant growth
生物炭是指由含碳量丰富的生物质在无氧或限氧的条件下低温热解而得到的一种细粒度、多孔性的碳质材料。近年来,生物炭作为一类新型环境功能材料引起广泛关注,其在土壤改良、温室气体减排以及受污染环境修复等方面都展现出应用潜力,已成为当前的研究热点。综述了生物炭对土壤生境以及植物生长方面的影响机制,并指出未来研究的主要方向。国内外最新的研究表明:生物炭的高孔隙度和表面面积,可以增加砂性土壤的田间持水量,但这种增加效应是有限度的;生物炭的碱性属性使其能够提高酸性土壤的pH值,这对喜碱作物的生长具有积极意义;生物炭能够抑制土壤氮磷养分淋失,提高肥料利用率;生物炭的添加会增加土壤微生物量,改变土壤微生物群落结构组成和土壤酶活性;生物炭的添加改善了土壤性质、养分状况以及土壤微生物性质,进而促进了植物生长。但生物炭对土壤生境和植物生长的影响效应要取决于土壤肥力和性质、植物种类、以及生物炭的特性和施用量等因素。因此,必须根据不同土壤的主要障碍因子,选择合适的生物炭,以期得到较好的土壤改良效果。今后应加强生物炭在林地土壤改良以及林木生长方面的研究与应用,进一步探索生物炭在土壤中发生的生物和化学反应机理,并且要对生物炭的施用效果进行野外长期定位研究。
生物炭是指由含碳量豐富的生物質在無氧或限氧的條件下低溫熱解而得到的一種細粒度、多孔性的碳質材料。近年來,生物炭作為一類新型環境功能材料引起廣汎關註,其在土壤改良、溫室氣體減排以及受汙染環境脩複等方麵都展現齣應用潛力,已成為噹前的研究熱點。綜述瞭生物炭對土壤生境以及植物生長方麵的影響機製,併指齣未來研究的主要方嚮。國內外最新的研究錶明:生物炭的高孔隙度和錶麵麵積,可以增加砂性土壤的田間持水量,但這種增加效應是有限度的;生物炭的堿性屬性使其能夠提高痠性土壤的pH值,這對喜堿作物的生長具有積極意義;生物炭能夠抑製土壤氮燐養分淋失,提高肥料利用率;生物炭的添加會增加土壤微生物量,改變土壤微生物群落結構組成和土壤酶活性;生物炭的添加改善瞭土壤性質、養分狀況以及土壤微生物性質,進而促進瞭植物生長。但生物炭對土壤生境和植物生長的影響效應要取決于土壤肥力和性質、植物種類、以及生物炭的特性和施用量等因素。因此,必鬚根據不同土壤的主要障礙因子,選擇閤適的生物炭,以期得到較好的土壤改良效果。今後應加彊生物炭在林地土壤改良以及林木生長方麵的研究與應用,進一步探索生物炭在土壤中髮生的生物和化學反應機理,併且要對生物炭的施用效果進行野外長期定位研究。
생물탄시지유함탄량봉부적생물질재무양혹한양적조건하저온열해이득도적일충세립도、다공성적탄질재료。근년래,생물탄작위일류신형배경공능재료인기엄범관주,기재토양개량、온실기체감배이급수오염배경수복등방면도전현출응용잠력,이성위당전적연구열점。종술료생물탄대토양생경이급식물생장방면적영향궤제,병지출미래연구적주요방향。국내외최신적연구표명:생물탄적고공극도화표면면적,가이증가사성토양적전간지수량,단저충증가효응시유한도적;생물탄적감성속성사기능구제고산성토양적pH치,저대희감작물적생장구유적겁의의;생물탄능구억제토양담린양분림실,제고비료이용솔;생물탄적첨가회증가토양미생물량,개변토양미생물군락결구조성화토양매활성;생물탄적첨가개선료토양성질、양분상황이급토양미생물성질,진이촉진료식물생장。단생물탄대토양생경화식물생장적영향효응요취결우토양비력화성질、식물충류、이급생물탄적특성화시용량등인소。인차,필수근거불동토양적주요장애인자,선택합괄적생물탄,이기득도교호적토양개량효과。금후응가강생물탄재임지토양개량이급림목생장방면적연구여응용,진일보탐색생물탄재토양중발생적생물화화학반응궤리,병차요대생물탄적시용효과진행야외장기정위연구。
Biochar is a fine-grained and porous carbonaceous material obtained by the rich carbon biomass pyrolysis under anaerobic or oxygen-limited conditions. In recent years, biochar as a new class of functional materials has caused widespread concern. Biochar is showing potential applications in soil improvement, greenhouse gas emissions and environmental remediation, which has become the current research hotspot. This paper summarizes the impact mechanism of biochar on soil habitats and plant growth, and points out the main direction of future research. High porosity and surface area of biochar can increase the field capacity of sandy soil, but the effect of this increase is limited. Biochar alkaline properties enable it to raise the pH of acidic soils, which has positive significance for the growth of basophilic crops. Biochar can inhibit leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, and improve fertilizer use efficiency. Biochar addition can increase the soil microbial biomass, and change soil microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities. Biochar addition can improved soil properties, nutrient status and soil microbial properties, thus promoting plant growth. But the effect of biochar on soil habitats and plant growth depends on the soil fertility and properities, plant species, as well as the characteristics and application rate of biochar. Therefore, we must according to the main obstacle factors of different soil, select the appropriate biochar in order to get a better effect of soil improvement. Future research and application of biochar in woodland soil improvement and tree growth should be strengthened. We should make a further exploration on the mechanism of interaction between biochar and soil. The effect of biochar application need to be verified by field long-term positioning studies.