CAJ | 학술논문

目前，西南桦（Betula alnoides）和马尾松（Pinus massoniana）均是广西红壤区大规模种植的人工林树种。为了分析和评价这两个树种对土壤肥力和生态质量的影响，本文采用了稀释平板法和氯仿熏蒸提取法等传统方法分析了两种人工林土壤可培养微生物数量、微生物量碳、微生物量氮、涉及土壤碳、氮、磷循环相关酶活性等表征微生物活性的指标。同时，采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术分析了两种人工林土壤细菌多样性。结果表明，西南桦人工林土壤中可培养真菌数量与马尾松人工林虽无明显差异，但可培养细菌和放线菌数量均明显高于相应的马尾松人工林。土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性在两种人工林之间虽无明显差异，但西南桦人工林各土层土壤的微生物生物量碳、氮指标均优于对应的马尾松林，表现出比马尾松更优的生态效果。此外，西南桦人工林土壤中各土层细菌多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener index）均高于相应的马尾松人工林土层。综上，比马尾松相比，西南桦是更有利于提高红壤区土壤肥力和维持林地土壤生态质量的造林树种。
목전，서남화（Betula alnoides）화마미송（Pinus massoniana）균시엄서홍양구대규모충식적인공림수충。위료분석화평개저량개수충대토양비력화생태질량적영향，본문채용료희석평판법화록방훈증제취법등전통방법분석료량충인공림토양가배양미생물수량、미생물량탄、미생물량담、섭급토양탄、담、린순배상관매활성등표정미생물활성적지표。동시，채용취합매련식반응-변성제도응효전영（PCR-DGGE）기술분석료량충인공림토양세균다양성。결과표명，서남화인공림토양중가배양진균수량여마미송인공림수무명현차이，단가배양세균화방선균수량균명현고우상응적마미송인공림。토양중β-포도당감매、린산매화단백매활성재량충인공림지간수무명현차이，단서남화인공림각토층토양적미생물생물량탄、담지표균우우대응적마미송림，표현출비마미송경우적생태효과。차외，서남화인공림토양중각토층세균다양성지수（Shannon-Wiener index）균고우상응적마미송인공림토층。종상，비마미송상비，서남화시경유리우제고홍양구토양비력화유지임지토양생태질량적조림수충。
In recent years, Betula alnoides and Pinus massoniana has been planted on large scale in red soil region of Guangxi Province. To clarify their influences on soil fertility and ecological quality in plantations, a comparative study was conducted to analyze the spatial variability of soil fertility and biological properties using the methods of dilution-plates and chloroform fumigation extraction. Meanwhile, the soil bacterial diversity in plantations was also analyzed by the method of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results showed that the numbers of culturable bacteria and antinomycetes in the Betula alnoides plantation were significantly higher than those in the Pinus massoniana plantation, excepting the fungi number without any significant difference. However, there are no significant difference ofβ-Glucosidase, phosphatase and protease activities in soils between Betula alnoides and Pinus massoniana. It indicated that the activities of these three enzymes were not suitable as bio-indictors for evaluating the soil fertility and ecological qualities in this case. In contrast, biomass C and N-was significantly increased in whole soil layers of Betula alnoides plantation than those of Pinus massoniana plantation. In addition, the bacterial diversity index(Shannon-Wiener index)in Betula alnoides plantation soils layers were all higher than those in Pinus massoniana plantation. Therefore, it has been concluded that the tree species of Betula alnoides is better than Pinus massoniana in improving the soil fertility and maintaining soil ecological quality of forestland in degraded red soil region.