生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
3期
385-391
,共7页
牛赟%刘贤德%王立%赵永宏%常博
牛赟%劉賢德%王立%趙永宏%常博
우빈%류현덕%왕립%조영굉%상박
林分结构%土壤含水率%土壤温度%青海云杉%祁连山大野口
林分結構%土壤含水率%土壤溫度%青海雲杉%祁連山大野口
림분결구%토양함수솔%토양온도%청해운삼%기련산대야구
stand structure%soil moisture content%soil temperature%Picea crassifolia%Dayekou basin of Qilian Mountains
在祁连山区，由于冻土的存在，在关注林分结构与土壤含水量关系的同时，还应该关注林分结构与土壤温度的关系，因为土壤温度调节着土壤水的形态（冻土水或消融水）及其植物的生长。为此，选择祁连山较典型的大野口流域，在各支流建立49块典型的青海云杉Picea crassifolia样地进行树高、树冠、胸径、土壤含水量、土壤温度等野外调查；采用特征描述统计、多度分析、相关系数等方法，对林分结构及其土壤水热特征进行分析，结果表明：（1）从水平结构来看，胸径断面和冠幅投影面积与所在陆面面积比值为0.31%和25.58%，从垂直结构来看，树高、冠长分别为1.10 m·m-2和0.71 m·m-2。（2）径级从1~5 cm到26~30 cm、高度级从2~4 m到18~20 m、冠长级从2~4 m到12~14 m、冠幅级从2~4 m到4~6 m，其多度分别为89.4%、94.4%、77.8%和82.7%。（3）从相关系数分析来看，海拔对树高影响较大，对冠长影响较小，与其他因子不相关；坡向对冠幅影响最大，对冠长、树高影响较小；坡度对这些因子几乎没有影响。胸径与树高、冠长、冠幅、树龄均中度正相关；郁闭度或林分密度与土壤含水率低度负相关，胸径和树高与40~60 cm深处的土壤含水率相关性最大，与0~10 cm和10~20 cm的相关性最小；郁闭度、冠长和冠幅对40~60 cm深处的土壤温度相关性最大，胸径和树高与土壤温度负相关。在寒区旱区，林分的水平结构、垂直结构、多度及其海拔、坡度、坡向与土壤含水量和土壤温度存在一定的关系，通过相互关系的探讨，为进一步研究林分结构与土壤水源涵养功能机理提供参考资料，为生态建设中林分结构调整与水源涵养功能的可持续发挥提供科学依据。
在祁連山區，由于凍土的存在，在關註林分結構與土壤含水量關繫的同時，還應該關註林分結構與土壤溫度的關繫，因為土壤溫度調節著土壤水的形態（凍土水或消融水）及其植物的生長。為此，選擇祁連山較典型的大野口流域，在各支流建立49塊典型的青海雲杉Picea crassifolia樣地進行樹高、樹冠、胸徑、土壤含水量、土壤溫度等野外調查；採用特徵描述統計、多度分析、相關繫數等方法，對林分結構及其土壤水熱特徵進行分析，結果錶明：（1）從水平結構來看，胸徑斷麵和冠幅投影麵積與所在陸麵麵積比值為0.31%和25.58%，從垂直結構來看，樹高、冠長分彆為1.10 m·m-2和0.71 m·m-2。（2）徑級從1~5 cm到26~30 cm、高度級從2~4 m到18~20 m、冠長級從2~4 m到12~14 m、冠幅級從2~4 m到4~6 m，其多度分彆為89.4%、94.4%、77.8%和82.7%。（3）從相關繫數分析來看，海拔對樹高影響較大，對冠長影響較小，與其他因子不相關；坡嚮對冠幅影響最大，對冠長、樹高影響較小；坡度對這些因子幾乎沒有影響。胸徑與樹高、冠長、冠幅、樹齡均中度正相關；鬱閉度或林分密度與土壤含水率低度負相關，胸徑和樹高與40~60 cm深處的土壤含水率相關性最大，與0~10 cm和10~20 cm的相關性最小；鬱閉度、冠長和冠幅對40~60 cm深處的土壤溫度相關性最大，胸徑和樹高與土壤溫度負相關。在寒區旱區，林分的水平結構、垂直結構、多度及其海拔、坡度、坡嚮與土壤含水量和土壤溫度存在一定的關繫，通過相互關繫的探討，為進一步研究林分結構與土壤水源涵養功能機理提供參攷資料，為生態建設中林分結構調整與水源涵養功能的可持續髮揮提供科學依據。
재기련산구，유우동토적존재，재관주림분결구여토양함수량관계적동시，환응해관주림분결구여토양온도적관계，인위토양온도조절착토양수적형태（동토수혹소융수）급기식물적생장。위차，선택기련산교전형적대야구류역，재각지류건립49괴전형적청해운삼Picea crassifolia양지진행수고、수관、흉경、토양함수량、토양온도등야외조사；채용특정묘술통계、다도분석、상관계수등방법，대림분결구급기토양수열특정진행분석，결과표명：（1）종수평결구래간，흉경단면화관폭투영면적여소재륙면면적비치위0.31%화25.58%，종수직결구래간，수고、관장분별위1.10 m·m-2화0.71 m·m-2。（2）경급종1~5 cm도26~30 cm、고도급종2~4 m도18~20 m、관장급종2~4 m도12~14 m、관폭급종2~4 m도4~6 m，기다도분별위89.4%、94.4%、77.8%화82.7%。（3）종상관계수분석래간，해발대수고영향교대，대관장영향교소，여기타인자불상관；파향대관폭영향최대，대관장、수고영향교소；파도대저사인자궤호몰유영향。흉경여수고、관장、관폭、수령균중도정상관；욱폐도혹림분밀도여토양함수솔저도부상관，흉경화수고여40~60 cm심처적토양함수솔상관성최대，여0~10 cm화10~20 cm적상관성최소；욱폐도、관장화관폭대40~60 cm심처적토양온도상관성최대，흉경화수고여토양온도부상관。재한구한구，림분적수평결구、수직결구、다도급기해발、파도、파향여토양함수량화토양온도존재일정적관계，통과상호관계적탐토，위진일보연구림분결구여토양수원함양공능궤리제공삼고자료，위생태건설중림분결구조정여수원함양공능적가지속발휘제공과학의거。
Because the existence of frozen soil in Qilian mountains area, and the form of soil water (frozen soil water or melt water) and the growth of plants were adjusted by soil temperature, focusing on the relationship between stand structure and soil moisture content, at the same time, also should pay attention to the relationship between the stand structure and soil temperature. 49 pieces of typical Picea crassifolia sample had been established in Dayekou because that was typical basin in Qilian Mountains, and tree height, diameter at breast height, crown, soil moisture, soil temperature had been investigated. Using characteristics description statistics, abundance analysis, correlation analysis and other methods, had analyzed the stand structure of forest and water and temperature of soil, and the results showed that:(1) From horizontal structure, the area of diameter at breast height and projection area of crown of tree accounts respectively for area of the land of 0.31%and 25.58%;From vertical structure, tree height and crown length are 1.10 m·m-2 and 0.71 m·m-2. (2) The diameter level from 1-5 cm to 26-30 cm, height from 2-4 m to 18-20 m, crown length from 2-4 m to 12-14 m, the crown from 2-4 m to 4-6 m, their abundance were 89.4%, 94.4%, 77.8%and 94.4%respectively. (3)From correlation coefficient analysis, the altitude effect greatly on tree height, little effect on the crown length, and no effect on other factors. Slope aspect affect greatly on the crown, but smaller on crown length and tree height. The slope has little impact on these factors. diameter and abundance, crown length and abundance are accord with cubic polynomial relation, and diameter at breast height and tree height, crown length, crown breadth, old moderate positive correlation, and conform to the linear multivariate regression function. Crown density or stand density is negatively and lowly related to the soil moisture content, and the correlation between diameter at breast height or tree height and soil moisture content from 40 to 60 cm deep is the largest, but from 0 to 10 cm, or from 10 to 20 cm is minimum;The correlation between crown density, crown long or crown breadth and the soil temperature from 40 to 60 cm deep is the largest, and the correlation between diameter at breast height or tree height and soil temperature is negative. In cold and arid regions, there was a certain relationship in the horizontal stand structure, vertical stand structure, abundance and altitude, slope, aspect and soil water content and soil temperature. By discussing their relationship, the reference data had been provided for further study on mechanism between stand structure and soil water conservation function, and the scientific basis had been provided for adjusting stand structure and sustainable using water conservation function in ecological forest construction.
