CAJ | 학술논문

植物物种多样性及其环境因子关系研究一直是自然地理学和山地生态学的重要研究内容之一，特别是在不同温度带过渡区。该文以位于中国暖温带和北亚热带过渡地区的伏牛山北坡的白云山国家级自然保护区为研究区，采用实地调查法，对1650~2158 m 海拔高度范围内15个样地内的乔木、灌木和草本种类数及乔木丰富度指数（Margalef）和多样性指数Shannon-Wiener进行了统计分析和测算；在此基础上，运用主成分分析法对影响植物物种多样性变化的3类20种环境因子进行分选和排序，并进行相关性分析。主成分分析结果显示，影响白云山植物物种多样性空间格局的3类环境要素贡献率大小排列依次为地形要素最大、土壤性状次之、气象因子最小；海拔、土壤厚度、大气湿度等9种环境因子是影响植物物种多样性空间变化的主要因子。相关性分析结果表明：影响乔木物种多样性变化的环境因子最明确，无论乔本层种类数，还是丰富度指数和多样性指数都与海拔、土壤厚度极显著相关(P<0.01)，与坡向和速效磷含量显著相关(P<0.05)；草本种类数与大气温度、土壤有机质和土壤碱解氮等微域气象或土壤性状关系密切；而影响灌木物种多样性变化的主要环境因子还尚不清晰，仅有坡向与之有统计上的显著相关性。研究结论丰富了秦岭-伏牛山作为中国主要气候区和生态区分界线的理论依据，同时也丰富了山地生态学理论。
식물물충다양성급기배경인자관계연구일직시자연지이학화산지생태학적중요연구내용지일，특별시재불동온도대과도구。해문이위우중국난온대화북아열대과도지구적복우산북파적백운산국가급자연보호구위연구구，채용실지조사법，대1650~2158 m 해발고도범위내15개양지내적교목、관목화초본충류수급교목봉부도지수（Margalef）화다양성지수Shannon-Wiener진행료통계분석화측산；재차기출상，운용주성분분석법대영향식물물충다양성변화적3류20충배경인자진행분선화배서，병진행상관성분석。주성분분석결과현시，영향백운산식물물충다양성공간격국적3류배경요소공헌솔대소배렬의차위지형요소최대、토양성상차지、기상인자최소；해발、토양후도、대기습도등9충배경인자시영향식물물충다양성공간변화적주요인자。상관성분석결과표명：영향교목물충다양성변화적배경인자최명학，무론교본층충류수，환시봉부도지수화다양성지수도여해발、토양후도겁현저상관(P<0.01)，여파향화속효린함량현저상관(P<0.05)；초본충류수여대기온도、토양유궤질화토양감해담등미역기상혹토양성상관계밀절；이영향관목물충다양성변화적주요배경인자환상불청석，부유파향여지유통계상적현저상관성。연구결론봉부료진령-복우산작위중국주요기후구화생태구분계선적이론의거，동시야봉부료산지생태학이론。
The research on the correlation of between plant species diversity and its correlation with environmental factors has been one of the important contents in physical geography and mountain ecology, especially in the transitional region of different temperature zones. By means of investigation method, the statistical analysis and calculation on species number of arbor, shrub and herb in 15 plots at altitude from 1 650 m to 2 158 m in Mt. Baiyunshan on north slope of Fu’niu Mountains, as well as Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indexes of arbor were carried out. On these bases, the main environmental factors influencing on species diversity were screened out by principal component analysis (PCA), and the Pearson correlation was also analyzed. According to their contributive percentage of three kinds of environmental factors from PCA, the topography element is the highest, followed the soil element, and the meteorological element is lowest. And nine factors, such as altitude, soil thickness and atmospheric humidity, are the main environmental factors influencing the spatial variation of plant species diversity. Correlation analysis results indicate three ways. Firstly, the environmental factors influencing arbor diversity are most clear, appeared extremely significantly correlation (P<0.01) with both altitude and soil thickness, and significantly correlation (P<0.05) with aspect and Olsen-P. Secondly, herb diversity has close correlation with local micrometeorological elements or certain soil property, such as atmospheric temperature, soil organic matter content and available nitrogen content. Thirdly, main environmental factors influencing on shrub diversity have not been definite yet, and there is only aspect factor associated with it in statistical correlation. The conclusions in this study elucidated the boundary effect of Qinling-Fu’niu Mountains, and enriched the theory system of mountain ecology.